Kufuneka utjani ukwenza utjani sisitjjho esisetjenziswa bafuyi benkomo abathola unongorwana be-USA. Bekatjheje ukuqakatheka kokutlhogonyelwa kwamadlelo ukwakha i-organiic matter ehlabathini kane nokutlhogonelwa kobuswe ehlabathini.
Amadlelo atlhogonyelwe kuhle arholela epilweni ehle yebhoduluko eplasini kodwana okunye okuqakatheke khulu, ukutlhogonyelwa kwamadlelo kuqiniseka kobana ibubulo lokutjala amadlelo liyaphumelela.
Ngaphandle kokuhlelwa okwaneleko ukungezelela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wamadlelo, kuqakathekile ukusebenzisa iindlela zokutlhogomela ezifaneleka ukusetjenziswa emhlobeni wentjalo zakho, ifuyo otlhoga ukuyipha ukudla kanye nehlabathi yeplasi lakho, ukubakhona kwamanzi kanye nobujamo bezulu.
Lokha nakuhlelwa ukutjalwa iintjalo ezitja nanyana nakuhlolwa ithekunoloji etja, akuthonywe endaweni encani. Angeze kwabalula kwaphela ukuwalthogomela, kodwana kungonga imali begodu kube lula ukungezelela nanyana ukuwanciphisa ngemva kokubona umphumela.
Ukulawulwa Kwamadlelo
Kuqakathekile ukulawula ikhula lokha nakutjalwa amadlelo ngebanga lokobana imbewu esese yincani izwela khulu lokha naliphalisana nentjalo ngamanzi, izakhimzimba kanye nelanga. Godu, ikhula elifana ne-ragworth liyitjhefu enkomeni kanye nempereni ezidla amadlelo.
Ukuhlangana kwamadlelo kufanele adlangane ngokwaneleko ukobana ikhula liphele. Lokha amadlelo adliwe khulu yifuyo kungaholela ekutheni kuvele ihlabathi. Lokhu kungaletha inzuzo ekukhuleni kwekhula njeke ukuvala amadlelo wakho kuyaphakanyiswa nange kurhonakala.
Khumbula bona ikhula lingabayikomba yokobana ihlabathi itlhoga izakhimzimba nanyana enezakhimzimba ezinengi ukwenza isibonelo, ikhambi le-fumaria elithanda ihlabathi enezinga eliphezulu le-potassium. Ukuhlolwa kwehlabathi kutjengisa iprogramu yokuvundisa engarhelebha ukususa ikhula.
Amakhula angalawulwa ngamakhemikhali. Ukutlhogonyelwa kwekhula kutlhoga kobana usebenzise iimbulali zamakhula ezimbalwa. Ukufakwa kwazo ngeskhathi esingafaniko enyakeni kungalawula kuhle ikhula elimila ngenkhathi ezahlukeneko zonyaka.
Ukulawulwa Kwamadlelo
Ungadlizi ifuyo yakho utjani khulu
Ungavumeli kobana iinlwane zidle utjani osandukubutjala buze bube bufitjhani khulu nanyana kanengi. Okuya ngokobana mhlobo bani wentjalo ,linda iintjalo zize zibe yi-20 cm ngobude. Intjalo ezinengi ezimadlelo akukafaneli zidliwe yifuyo zize zibe zifitjhani kune-10 cm, ekububude besandla. Lokhu kuzokwenza bona utjani bumile msinya godu .Beka iinlwane ezincani emadlelweni. Lokhu kungaba yikomo yinye emahekutheni ayi-3.
Dlheganisa amadlelo
Ukuhlukanisa amadlelo uwenze amakampa amancani kuvumela bona amadlelo lapha ifuyo idla khona aphumule iimveke eziyi-6. Dlheganisa iinlwane hlangana namakampa, uzisuse lokha amadlelo nakamafitjhani.
uKuvundisa amadlelo
Okuya ngomphumela wokuhlolwa, kungatlhogakala kobana ufake izakhimzimba ehlabathini. Lapha ama-legumes sele asetjenziswa njengencenye yehlanganisela yamadlelo azintjalo, kungalthogakala kobana ufake i-nitrogen. Abanye abalimi bahariga amadlelwabo ngemva kokobana ifuyo idle ukuphula umanyoro nokuwurhatjha ngokulinganako.
Hlela ukusetjenziswa kwamadlelo
Ukutjhugululwa kwamadlelo azintjalo kuqakathekile. Lokhu kuya ngokobana amadlelo asetjenziselwani isibonelo ihoyi nanyana amadlelo wentjalo i-silage nanyana ihoyi kanye nehlanganisela yamadlelo, e.g. utjani bama-legume kanye nokukhula kwehlanganisela yamadlelo.
Okunye okuqakathekile kubuyisela iinitjalo emadlelweni. Amadlelo amatjha angamila nanyana i-oversowing? I-oversowing yindlela yokutjala amadlelo afana ne-clover emadlelweni akhona ngaphandle kokuphazamia ihlabathi nanyana ukulungisa imibhede yembewu.
Iindlela ze-intercrooping, ukuhlanganiswa kwamadlelo lokha nakatjalwa woke.Amanye avunelwa i-silage, lokha amanengi avunyelwa ukukhula ukuze asetjenziswe njengamadlelo.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana