Ukuthola imiphumela emihle, ama-herbicides kufanele athelwe ngokuya kwemiyalo nemikhiqizo efanako etjalwako kufanele itjalwe yodwa ibese itjhinthwatjhinthwa neminye ukuvikela ukwaliwa kwama-herbicides. Ama-herbicides angathelwa ukubulala ikhula elisahleli ngaphasi kwehlabathi lingakaphumeli ngaphazulu elibizwa nge-pre-emergent herbicides nofana ululawula ikhula esele limilile elibizwa nge-post-emergent herbicides.
Ukuthela i-pre-emergent Herbicide
Isikhathi sokuthela i-pre-emergent herbicide siya ngomhlobo we-tillage esetjenziswako. Emaplasini lapho ekusetjenziswa khona i-conventional tillage ama-herbicides kufanele athelwe msinya ngemva kobana indawo yokutjala ilinyiwe ukwenzela bona ikhula lingatholi nethuba lokumila, kuyelelisa uGavin Matthews emtlolweni wakhe i-article Pre-emergent herbicides remain important ekhutjhwe emgadangiseni we-Grain SA’s Pula/Imvula magazine.
Nawusebenzisa i-minimum-tillage nofana ungayisebenzisi, i-‘burn down’ herbicide ingathelwa ukubulala ikhula elivelileko kulandele i-pre-emergent herbicide ukuvimbela elinye ikhula elingamila. Nanoma i-conventional tillage nofana i-minimum-tillage isetjenziswa, ama-herbicides kufanele athelwe ngesikhathi sobujamo bezulu obumanzi ukuvumela amakhemikhali bona angenelele phasi ehlabathini ukubulala ikhula.
Ukuthela i-post-emergent Herbicide
Ama-post-emergent herbicides ma-herbicides wokuthintana, okutjho ukuthi kufanele angenelele emakarini wekhula ukubulala isitjalo. Emtlolweni i- Keep the enemy at bay, eyavela ku- Grain SA’s Pula/Imvula magazine, uGavin Mtthews unikeka iinyeleliso ezilandelako ezingasetjenziswa:
Kokuthoma, ama-herbicides athelwa lokha nakunganamoya, ukuvikela bona isifufuzeli singaphetjhulwa mumoya okuzokuletha umphumela wokobana i-herbicide ingatheli ikhula kuhle.
Ngokungafani ne-pre-emergent herbicides etheliwa lokha nakuthambileko, ama-post-emergent khemikhali adinga ukuthelwa lokha nakunelanga, ikhula nalikhula khulu ukwenzela bona amakhemikhali angenelele kuhle. Nasele ikhula lilisile ukukhula ama-herbicides angekhe nofana angaba nomthelela omncani khulu.
Kwesithathu, ikhemikhali kufanele ithelwe esilinganisweni esilingene kuhle samanzi nangamathosi alingene kuhle. Ngokujayelekileko, amalitha angaba yi 150 wamanzi angasetjenziswa qobe ihekthara esifufuzelini esineemboo ezincani ukuthela ikhemikhali elingene kuhle esitjalweni. Iretjhiyo yamanzi nobukhulu bamathosi, buya ngomkhiqizo, ngalokho bawa isaluleko sokobana ungathela njani kubathengisi bamakhemikhali othenga kibo.
Kwesine, ama-herbicides kufanele athelwe ngesivinini esifanako ukubalekela ukuthela khulu endaweni yinye nofana ukuthela kancani lokha i-tractor nayikhamba msinya khulu. Isifufuzeli kufanele sihlanganiswe kuhle ngokuya kwesivinini ekuthelwa ngaso, esizokuya nge-topography yeplasi. Amakhilomitha alitjhumi nge-awara asivinini esihle esingasetjenziswa begodu arhelebhe ukwenza kubelula ukubala isimedo ekuzokumedwa ngaso.
Kokugcina, okungezelelweko okufana neenamathelisi kungasetjenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kuhle kwama-herbicides. Iinamathelisi zenza ama-herbicides akghone ukunamathela kuhle emakarini wekhula begodu ehlise imithelela emimbi yezulu elina ngemva kokufufuzela. Okhunye, abathengisi bamakhemikhali kufanele babuzwe bona okungezelelweko kunesidingo nokobana ngikuphi okungasetjenziswa begodu nama-herbicides maphi.
Kokugcina, abalimi kufanele benze isiqiniseko sokobana basebenzisa ama-herbicides afaneleko, ngamanye amagama, layo azokubulala ikhula ekufunwa bona lisuke ngaphandle kokuthintha kumbi umkhiqizo weentjalo.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana