Ubulili Kanye Nokuhlukana Ngeminyaka
Ubulili kanye nokuhlukana ngeminyaka kubeliphawu eliqakatheke khulu lobujamo bomphakathi wamaTswana. Amadoda kanye nabafazi bahlala ngokuhlukana lokha nakunomnyanya kwezinye iindawo ukwenza isibonelo ekosini lapha kugwetjwa khona imilandu kutholakala amadoda kwaphela.
Amadodana, kwesinye isikhathi kusafunwa wona, begodu umfazi ogade abeletha abentazana bodwa khabe angathandwa. Khabe kuhlukaniselwana umsebenzi, umsebenzi othize khabe wenziwa babantu bobulili obuthize. Umfazi womTswana kufanele alalele amadoda (uyise, abomnakwabo nanyana abantu abamadoda bekhakwakhe, umalumakhe, indodakhe uyise nanyana umnakwabo). Abafazi khabe bangafakwa eendabeni zepolotiki kanye neminyanyeni yezekolo.
Unyaka kade kungenye into ebahlukaniswa ngayo abantu omdala komncani. Njengabanye abantu abakhuluma isintu, amaTswana kufanele bona ahloniphe bekalalele abantu abadala kunabo, ababize baba - (rra nanyana ntate) nanyana mma-mme); nawungenzi njalo mlandu. Ukuhlonipha abantu abadala bekungapheleli ebantwini abazinhlobo kwaphela kodwana, gade kwenziwa ebantwini abahlala emphakathini wamaTswana woke.
Abentwana gade babekwa ngokuya ngokobana sele bakhule kangangani: ukusukela nababelethwako ukuya eminyakeni emibili ubudala - (masea); abentwana abaneminyaka eyi-3 ukuya kweyi-8 - (banyana) abentazana; abesana - (basemane) kanye nabentazana - (basetsana) abaneminyaka eyi-9 ukuya kweyi-13, kanye nalaba abaneminyaka eyi-14 baze bafakwe ngaphasi kwesiqhema sabakhulileko esibizwa bona - (magwane, majafela nanyana maphatisi) ekhabe bembatha ama-costume akhethekileko bacule babagide eminyanyeni, begodu bakhululekile, khulukhulu eendabeni zomseme.
Ngeskhathesi, baqeda isikhathi esinengi esibayeni nanyana balusa iinkomo zaboyise. Abentazana barhelebha ukuyokukha amanzi, ukugaya kanye nokusila isphila, ukwenza ukudla, ukuthanyela imizi yemakhabo, kanye nokutlhogomela abentwana abancani.
Ukuwela Ngenqhema
Ukufakwaesiqhemeni - (maphato) khabe kutjho ukungena esigabeni sokubamdala. A-maphato la anamadoda nabafazi bonyaka munye ebasiwa engomeni ngeskhathi sinye. Ngokwesiko, ingoma khabe ikhitjhwa yikosi ngemva kweminyaka emine ukuya kwelikhomba.
Lokha abesana nabentazana, abaneminyaka esithandathu ukuya kwemasumi amabili, kade basiwa engomeni ngeskhathi sinye. Umphadu kade uhlala ufaka amalunga womdeni wekosi ekhabe amukelwa njengabadosi phambili. Iminyaka eminengi eyadlulako ukukhitjhwa kwengoma yamadoda gade kulandelwa minyanya yengoma eyaziwa ngokobana - bogwera.
Ngeminyaka yabo-1930, iminyanya le khabe ingasenziwa,ngebanga lokobana abantu gade sele basindisiwe, begodu amamitjhinari gade abona iminyanya le njengengakalungi, agcugcuzela amakhosi kobana alise ukuyenza nokobana angayivumeli. Into ekhabe kudume kobana yenziwa khulu e-bogwera kwakukuwisela kanye nokwahlukanisa amalunga amadoda wesiqhema sinye esiwelileko abekwe ehlathini. Lokha nabasabekwe lapho, abantu abawelileko khabe batlhagiswa, babakwe ngokobana omkhulu ngubani, bafundiswe imithetho kanye namasiko.
Abentazana ekade baya engomeni, nabo kade babawisela engomeni eyenzelwa ekhaya ebizwa bona yi-(bojale). Khabe nabalapho bagida bebabafake iphawu hlangana kwamagoji ngokubatjhisa. Ingoma yabefazi gade ifaka hlangana ukutlhagiswa, ukufundiswa ngezokulima, iindaba zekhaya, zomseme kanye nokobana abafazi baziphathe njani emadodeni.
I-maphatho ngayinye khabe iphiwa ibizo yikosi ekhabe isengomeni, ekhabe livamise ukuwathiyelela izinto ezifana nezulu nanyana isomiso. I-maphato khabe isebenzisa ibizwelo ukuya phambili. Umuntu khabe angabonwa kobana sele amdala, begodu kade angavunyelwa kobana atjhade aze aye e-maphato. Amalunga wesiqhema sayo, khabe asebenza woke, nakumadoda gade alwa woke, begodu gade baba bakhozi abanobujamo obulinganako.
Enye incenye yehlonipho kwakukubiza isokana eliye engomeni ngebizo lalo lobusokana.Amalunga wabantu abawele ndawonye khabe alindelwe kobana ahloniphe abantu ekhabe awele nabo, begodu nawo alindele kobana ahlonitjhwe babantu abancani kunabo. Nange lokho kungenziwa, nakwezinye iindaba ezihlobana nokungahlonitjhwa kwendaba zengoma khabe kulungiswa yikhotho ekhethekileko edoswa phambili mphathi wengoma nanyana ikosi ekhipha ingoma.
Ukuvuselelwa Esele Kukhula
Ngaphandle kokobana amamitjhinari wabazalwane aqeda ingoma ngeminyaka yabo-20th century, mvanje amaTswana amanengi alinga ukuyivusa, kodwana hlangana amanye sele amukela kade kobana iimfundiswezi akukafaneli kobana zibuzwe. Ingoma sele yaba litjhwayo lokobana umuntu umhlobo bani ngendlela ezimbili.
Abantu bazibona bamaTswana ngebanga lokobana baye engomeni yesiTswan, okuqakatheke khulu, abantu abanzima abanengi bakholelwa kobana ukuya engomeni litjhwayo lokuba mumuntu we-Africa, nokobana ilutjha elingakayi engomeni alisibabantu be-Africa bamambala. Iindlelezi zokwenza zilandela, iindlela zakade zokwenza izinto, kodwana amaphethini wanamhlanje enza bona kube yingoma yesikhathi sanje.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana