Ngaphandle kokobana sele bangenelela esikhuweni,amaXhosa amanengi asenza amasiko wesintu. AmaXhosa gade abafuyi,egade basebenza budisi begodu babantu abawinileko. Imindeni eminengi banemizi yamadlozi eendaweni ezifana nesifundeni se-Eastern Cape eSewula-Africa, kodwana basebenza emadorobheni athuthukileko afana neKapa kanye neJwanisbhege.
AmaXhosa babantu abanamasiko amanengi abawalandelako ekubalwa hlangana ukuwisela abesana lokha nabakhulako, ekufaka hlangana kobana baye engomeni, entabeni ,lapha bathola khona iimfundiso emaqhegwini amadala lapha babuya sele bamadoda. Elinye isiko alenzako kulobola, ekuimali indoda eyibhadela emndenini wekhabo mfazi lokha nayifuna ukuthatha umfazi. Lapha indoda inikeza uyise lomfazi kanye nomdeni imali ezinkomo nanyana ezinye izinto.
Umtjhado ngokwawo ufaka hlangana amasiko kanye neminyanya amaXhosa amanengi asawenzako. Ukufa kanye nemigcwabo kwenziwa ngendlela yesintu. AmaXhosa amanengi asele aphila isimanjemanje akalandeli imithetho eqinileko khulu lokha nakenza amanye amasiko, lokha abadala bangafuni ukulahla amasiko bafuna aragele phambili enziwe emndenini.
Umuzi Wekhaya
Ngokomlando ,imizi yekhaya ( imizi) yamaXhosa khabe isabalele enarheni esemakhaya ekulu begodu khabe yakhiwe emimpomporimeni ukwenzela bona amanzi angene phasi nekuzivikeleni lokha nabahlaselwa mabutho. Imizi le khabe yenziwe ngamafreyimi arondo kanye nenhlanhla zemithi ezikulu, ekhabe zigoqwa zibumbeke inga idleke senyosi besizivalwa kusukela phezulu ukuya phasi ngotjani.
Ukuqiniseka kobana kungena umoya owaneleko, ngaphakathi kwendlu yotjani leyo khabe kuplesteriwa ngehlanganisela yedaka kanye nobulongwe ukusuka phasi ukufika emahlombe. Phasi nakho khabe kupleyisteriwa ngehlanganisela yedaka kanye nobulongwe.
Phakathi kwendlu khabe kwenziwa indawo yokuphekela erond. Umhlobo womakhiwo lo,( ungquphantsi) gade unomyango ophasi begodu umuntu kutlhogeka kobana akhothame nakangena kiwo. Ekuthomeni kweminyanka yyabo-1820, umhlobo wendlu lo, wajamiselelwa ngomhlobo omutjha oqinileko wasafuthi, ekhabe wakhiwe ngeboda elirondo (lapha bekuhlanganiswa iindlela zokwakha egade zithulwe mamitjhinari afana no-Dc J. T. van der Kemp) okhabe afulela ngamasenke.
Izindlwezi, zemizi emakhaya gade zivamise kobana zibuthelelwe ndawo yinye ziqalana ziberondo zizombeleze isibaya esikhulu, ekhabe siba nesibaya sinye nanyana mbili esingeqadi lapha bekuhlala khona iimbuzi. Kheba bakha godu izala elibumbeke ingalibhodlela lokubeka isiphila lekhabe siba phasi esibayeni.
Umgodi wesphila gade upleyisterwe bewavalwa ngamatje amakhulu ukukhandela kobana amanzi angangeni ngemgodini ekungarholela ekutheni konakale isphila sibile nanyana sibole. Eskhathini esinengi, isphila esibekiweko besibekwa emigodini le, sivalelwe ngamatje, khabe siba nephunga elimbi kanye nomnambitheko oswiri, kodwana gade bawurhodlhelelela, bebawuthanda, khulukhulu ngeskhati lapha isphila gade sitlhogeka khona.
Ngaphandle godu imigodi le gade iplesteriwa beyivalwe ngamatje amakhulu ndela amanzi Ngaphandle godu ,ngemva kwezindlu ,gade kunembuya, namaziko kanye neondo lapha khabe kubhagelwa khona uburotho besiphila (isonka) kanye nemumathi yinye nanyana ezinengi ezenzelwe ukubeka isiphila esisemrhorhotjhini. Indawo ethanyeliweko hlangana nomnyango wendlu ekulu kanye neduze kwesango lesibaya elaziwa ngokobana sekundeni. Lapha imilandu yekhotho gade ilalelwa khona esigodlweni sekosi eqakathekileko.
Imizi yekhaya gade inenkomo kanye nenarha yokulima kanye neyokuzuma. Imizi yekhaya kade inemizi lapha indoda, etjhadileko,kanye namadodanayo, nabafazi bayo nabentwana egade bahlala khona. Indoda eregileko nanyana ikosi enefuyo enengi gade inenhlobo ezihlala enarheni leyo kanye neminye imindeni nabathengi. Abathengabo gade basebenzela ikosi nanyana isigodlo, balusa ifuyo bababhadela ngebisi kanye namakonyani, ekade barhona bona ekugcineni bathole yabo imihlambi.
Imithetho Yelifa
Imithetho yelifa gade isebenza emindenini eseduze;indodana elizibulo yomfazi omkhulu gade ithola zoke iinkomo lokha uyise nakabhubhako. Lokha nakathethe isithembu,woke amadodana amazibulo wabafazi bendoda gade babelana ifuyo, ekhabe bazenzela imihlabo yabo.
Ngokomlando inarha gade ihlukaniswa ngebomthetho – ukwenza isibonelo –amakhansela wekosi gadeangakhethwa ngokobana – avelaphi. Ngitjho nalapha kusetjenziwana emizini esemakhaya, ukwenza isibonelo abantu abasebenzisanako ekhabe bahlelelwe ukusiza lokha nakutjalwako,nakuhlakulwako nanyana nakuvunwako, khabe kungakaqakatheki kobana imvelaphi yabo ngeyakuphi kwakuqakatheke kwaphela bona bahlala enarheni yinye.
Amadodana ahlobanako khabe afake hlangana iinhloko zemizi ezihlobanako kanye nabantwababo ekhabe bahlala ndawo thize. Ngebanga lokobana amadoda khabe avela eqhegwini linye, khabe aqaphela khulu bona bangena esiqhemeni siphi.
Isiqhemesi khabe sihlanganisa imindeni emibili nanyana emithathu, ukuya eenhlokweni zekhaya ezimasumi amabili. Inarha kanye nefuyo yona kade bangayihlanganyeli ,kodwana ikhaye elinye nelinye gade lineyayo. Iinqhemezi zinemisebenzi eqakathekileko,kodwana engasiminengi, wokuthoma, ukwakukurarulula imiraro hlangana kwamalunga wenqhema, kwesibili, kwakukugunyaza ukubuthana kwekolo yabaphasi.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana
Iinkulumiswano hlangana kwabazalwani zarholela ekuthuthukeni kwepi yomphakathi wama Nguni weKapa, eyadosa bekwaba ngonyaka ka-1950, hlangana...
Koke lokhu kutjengisa iindaba eziqoqwako ngamaXhosa abaphalali akhabe bakhuluma isiXhosa abasuka e-Africa esepumalanga kade kobana azinasiqi...