AmaXhosa Abuya e-Africa Esepumalanga
Ubufakazi bemilando butjengisa bona ngeminya yabo-1593 abantu agade bakhuluma isiXhosa ababuya etjingalanga eduze komlambo iMthatha enarheni eyaziwa ngokobana sifunda se-Eastern Cape namhlanje, kungenzeka kobana gade sevele basesifundenesi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwalokho. Ngokuya kokwendaba ezikhulunywa ngomlomo ,amaThembu, Xhosa kanye nabantu bamaMpondomise gade bahlala enarheni ephezulu yesifunda se-Eastern Cape emlanjeni weMzimvubu iminyaka ngeminyaka ngaphambi kokobana abafudukele etlhagwini.
Koke lokhu kutjengisa iindaba eziqoqwako ngamaXhosa abaphalali akhabe bakhuluma isiXhosa abasuka e-Africa esepumalanga kade kobana azinasiqiniseko, nange kungalahlwa umkhondo. Irhubhululo elenziwa ma-Archaelogist, hlangana kwezinye izinto, lingaletha umkhanyo ozeleko emibuzweni enjalo yakusasa. Ukwenza isibonelo, ukwenjiwa okwenziwa mvanje eplasini le-Canasta eduze kwendawo ebizwa bona yi-East London namhlanjesi, litjengisa bona ngeminyaka yabo-7th century AD, abantu egade bakhuluma isiXhosa gade bahlala eduze komlambo we-Buffalo.
Ngenkhathi zabo-19th century abantu bomhlobo wamaHlubi, Zizi, Tolo kanye namaBhele bafuduke; a esifundeni ekwathi lada sabizwa bona yi-Transkei ( kwanjesi esele siyincenye yesifunda se-Eastern Cape). Abantwaba, abatjhuguluka baziwa ngokobana baMfengu, khabe bathembele ekosini qakathekileko yamaXhosa ukosi uHintsa. Ngonyaka ka-1835 bathathwa mamitjhinari kanye nekholoni yamaBrithani bababiza ngokobana baphalali bamaMfecane isibonelo ikosi uShaka yamaZulu walwa nabo ngepi yango-1820. Bavikelwa makholoni ukwenzela bona babasebenzise.
Iinkosi zamaXhosa Zivikela Inarhazo
Abantu bakaMfengu be-Transkei gade bazi zobujoni bamakhuwa godu bahlanganyele namakhuwa lokha nabalwa izipi zemigcele ngeminyaka yabo-1846-7, 1850-3 kanye newaka- 1877-8. Imiphumela yemizamo yabo yokuhlula ikholoni yeKapa, abaMfengu bathola amagranti wenarha egade kungeyamaXhosa ekutomeni, bawathola, ebaphathini babo abamhlophe .
Lokha ipi nayikhulako emigceleni nokolwa hlangana kwamaBritheyini kanye namajoni wekoloni, iinkosi samaXhosa hlangana nazo gade kunoSandila kanye noMaqoma, bazibonakalisa bamajoni alwa ngokuzimisela, alwelwa ukuzijamela, inarha kanye nabalandeli. UMaqoma, ekhabe anesiphiwo sokuhlela begodu alisotja eliqinileko wabhubha, asibotjhwa e-Robben Island ngonyaka ka-1873. Usandile yena walimala wabhubha, lokha nakuliwa namaMfengu ehlathini lesidenge ngoMeyi waka-1878.
Ngokubhubha kwabo nabo, ekhabe sele kumabutho wokugcina aqinileko wamaXhosa alwisana nemithetho yamakhuwa isiqhema samabutho wamaXhosa sawa. Ekuthomeni kweminyaka yabo-1880 amaMpondo gade kungewokugcina ebukhosini bamaMpondo egade bamaNguni weKapa abuswa makhuwa.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana