Iimphorofido zakaNtsikana
AmaXhosa esemgceleni wepumalanga esesifundeni se-Eastern Cape kwabamaNguni wokuthoma webukhosini beKapa ahlangana nabakhambi be-Europe ,ababazumi,abalimi barhwebi kanye namamitjhinari ,amajoni kanye nabaphathi bekholoni ekhabe bangezeleleka ngaso soke isikhathi ukusukela ngeminyaka yabo-18th century ukuya phambili. Ukuhlangana kwabantu ekhabe benza amasiko angafanikwaba, kwaba nomthelela emasikweni wamaNguni weKapa, kuze kube namhlanje.
UNtsikana ekhabe amphorofithi wamaXhosa odumileko owabhubha ngonyaka ka-1821, okhabe akerega ekeregeni ka-Joseph Williams’s we-London Missionary Society. Nanyana gade ayindoda engakafundi, uNtsikana watlama ingoma esaqulwa makerege nanje. Ukungezelela, wenza iimphorofido ezirarako, ayelelisa ngokukhula lokuqakatheka kwamakinobho anganantunja (imali) begodu akhuluma nange nyoka ezikhipha umlilo (iintimela) ezizabe zikhambakhamba enarheni.
Iinkulumiswano hlangana kwabazalwani zarholela ekuthuthukeni kwepi yomphakathi wama Nguni weKapa, eyadosa bekwaba ngonyaka ka-1950, hlangana kweskolo sabantu kanye nabeamasiko abomvu. Bokuthoma abambelekela zekerege kanye nezefundo, gade bamkhiqizo wenteyitjhini ezimamitjhini kanye nenkolo.
Isiko lamaNguni weKapa
Amanguni weKapa balandela iindlela zokuphila zabaphalali be-Europe, khulukhulu isiko lokukhuluma isingisi, sele lenze bona batjhugulule indlela abakhuluma ngayo isingisi basihlanganise nesiXhosa kanye nezinye izenzo zamamitjhinari. Abantu beskolo bambelekela indlela ehlukileko kanye namasiko wokumbatha ekhabe zikhambelana nekerege.
Abathanda amasiko gade babatkhadlhula ngokobana bathi ‘babomvu’ngebanga lokobana gade bazizesa ngedaka elibomvu ebusweni kanye nemizimbenabo. Bangafuni ukuya ekeregeni nanyana ukufunda ngebanga lokobana bathi zizinto zabaphalali, abathanda amasiko baragela phambili ukwenza, nokuhlonipha masikwabo ekhabe akhambelana nemimoya yabaphasi.
Abantu abakhuluma isiXhosa sele babazalwani kwanjesi. Ngitjho nenkosi kanye nenyanga (ezibhula ngamathambo .nezisebenza ngenhlahla) sebabantu nje ngange bangayi ekeregeni. Nanyana kunjalo, ubuzalwane bamaXhosa bufaka hlangana iindlela ezahlukahlukeneko zokwenza iminyanya yabaphasi kanye neminyanya yamasiko.
Imirhabiso ekhabe ilitjhwayo lezambatho zamasiko nanyana ivunulo, khulukhulu ngeminyaka yabo-20th century sele zimikhiqizo yendabuko, abafazi abarhweba ngayo,yayibuya e-Europe begodu yeza nabaphalali.Imincamo emibalabala yerhalasi, eyatholakala ngokutjhaphuluka ngeminyaka yabo-19th century.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana