Ku Porofita ka Ntsikana
Ma Xhosa vale Eastern Cape frontier akuri vona va vuhosi byo sungula bya Cape Nguni lebyi abyi siyiwe rivaleni eka vahlampfa va Europe, vahloti, vaxavisi, vavuri va rito, masocha na valawuri va vakoloni ngopfu ngopfu ekuheleni ka 18th century kuya emahlweni.
Ku hlangana loku ka mindzhavuko yohambana swive na xiave eka ndzhavuko wa Cape Nguni lowu, kufikela sweswi wahari tano. Ntsikana, muprofita wa ndhuma wa mu Xhosa loyi anga hundza emisaveni hi 1821, ari muhundzuluxeri wa Reverend Joseph Williams wa London Missionary Society.
Hambi leswi anga dyondzangi, Ntsikana a tsala tinsimu, leti taha yimbeleriwaka na namuntlha eka tikereke ta vakriste. Tlhandla kambirhi, a porofita swinene, laha a lemukisa swinene hiku kula ka nkoka wa mali 'buttons without holes' xikan’we na ku vulavula hi tinyoka leti humesaka mindzilo (switimela) leswinga taka endzhawini yaka vona.
Ku cincela kuya eka xikriste swi endle leswaku kuva naku avana swinene exikarhi ka va Cape Nguni, leswi swinga teka nkarhi kuya fika hiva 1950s, exikarhi ka vanhu lava vuriwaka vo dyondza na lava va tivaka ndzhavuko. Loyi yena u teke vukriste na dyondzo ya xilungu, leswi akuri mintirho ya tikereke na swikolo swa vavuri va rito.
Ndzhavuko wa Cape Nguni
Rixaka ra Cape Nguni ri hlohleteriwile swinene hi mahanyelo ya manguva lawa yale Europe, ngopfu ngopfu ndzhavuko wo vulavula xilungu, leswi ava dyondzisiwa eka rito na mintirho ya vavuri va rito kusuka e Europe. Lava vanga hlawula dyondzo vatekelele ndlela yokarhi ya ma ambalelo kutani kuva na ku cinca eka maendlelo ya ndzhavuko laha a swifambelana swinene na kereke na xikolo.
Lava landzelelaka ndzhavuko ava hlamuseriwa tani hi 'Red' hikokwalaho ka maendlelo yavona yaku tola tsumani exikandzeni nale mirini. Laha ava tsanwa kereke na dyondzo ya xilungu tani hi swilo swale matikweni yale handle, lava va ndzhavuko vayile emahlweni va endla swa ndzhavuko leswi aswi fambisana na mimoya ya valehansi.
Ma Xhosa vanamuntlha kutele vakriste. Hambi kuri tihosi na tin’anga kusele vantsongo loko kuve avale ka xikriste. Hambiswiritano, vukriste va rixaka ra ma Xhosa rile henhla swinene laha ringa fikelela eka swiyimo swohambana swaku siya xivandla xa valehansi na maendlelo ya ndzhavuko.
Lexi hlamarisaka, swilo leswi aswi yimela swiambalo swa ndzhavuko swo saseka swinene, ngopfu ngopfu eka 20th century, i swilo leswi endliweke hi swilo swale kaya, hi mavoko ya vavasati leswi swinga endleriwa kuva swiya xavisiwa e Europe: tinghilazi ta muhlovo letingana vuhlalu, leti tinga sungula kukumeka exikarhi kava 19th century.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni