Izinselele kanye Namathuba Kubantu Abagcina iZinyosi eNingizimu Afrika

© Dawid Smit
Due to the decline in native bees numbers farmers have to rely on managed bees for pollination of blueberries.

Izinkinga Zokulondoloza Izinyosi eNingizimu Afrika

Inkinga enkulu eNingizimu Afrika eholele kule lag imithombo ekhonjiwe yama-nectar. ENingizimu Afrika, kuphela u-15% wohlu okhishwa yizihlahla zomdabu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-70% e-Australia. Ngokwesiko cishe u-70% wohlu lwendawo lwakhiqizwa emithini ethi 'Bluegum'. Nokho, lezinhlobo zingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Isinyathelo sikahulumeni, uMsebenzi Wamanzi, okwamanje sisusa ngokuqinile lezi zihlahla nezinye izitshalo ezivela emifuleni nakwezinye izindawo zokudoba amanzi.
Ukumemezela okungalungile kwathonya nabanikazi bezomhlaba ukuba bahlasele kabi izihlahla ze-bluegum. Akusizo ezomnotho ukutshala isitshalo noma isitshalo esisodwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-nectar. Imithi ye-Bluegum itshalwe ukukhiqizwa kwephepha kanye nezinkuni, kuyilapho i-sunflowers neCanola zitshalwe ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha omndeni. Izithelo izitshalo zidinga izinyosi zokuvuna, kepha ukukhiqizwa koju kusukela kule mithombo kuncane kakhulu, uma kukhona.

Ukufuya izinyosi eNingizimu Afrika kuqhutshwa kakhulu yizifuyo zezinyosi ezizimele (ezingahleleki), okungaphezu kuka-1000. Kunezinyunithi zokugcina izinyosi ezingaphansi kuka-50, abalimi bezentengiselwano abanezimbungu ezingu-1 000 noma ngaphezulu. Abalimi abasha beezinyosi eNingizimu Afrika bancane kakhulu ngenxa yemithombo enomkhawulo we-nectar. Ekuqaleni kuka-2000 izimangalo zenziwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezinyosi zaseNingizimu Afrika kungakhuphuka ibe ngu-50 000 ithoni.
Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kungakhulumi futhi kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela. Kodwa-ke, kukhona indawo yokuthuthukisa mayelana nokuphathwa okungcono kwamakoloni. Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi wokulima, kunakekelwa njalo. Ukumane nje uvumele imvelo ithathe inkambo yayo, ingaba yingozi ngenxa yezinyosi zezinyosi.

Amathuba Okulondoloza Izinyosi eNingizimu Afrika

Naphezu kwezinkinga ezibalulwe ngenhla, kubonakala sengathi kunamandla kakhulu embonini yaseNingizimu Afrika yokufuya izinyosi. Imali engenayo yokutshala imfuyo manje idlula imali yokukhiqiza uju. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, isidingo sezinsizakalo zokuvotela imvini senyukile phakathi kuka-10% no-15% ngonyaka. Kube khona izibonakaliso zemisebenzi emikhulu embonini ye-macadamia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba eNingizimu Afrika njengezifundazwe zaseLimpopo naseMpumalanga.
Izindleko zokutshala cishe 6 000 ha blueberries nazo zingamakhadi. Lokhu kuzotshala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 (kusukela ngo-2017), ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Kapa. Kuzodingeka ukuthi kube khona izibungu ezintsha eziphakathi kuka-30 000 no-40 000 kuphela ukuvotela ama-blueberries. Ngakho-ke, abafuyi bezinyosi bangakwazi ukukhula ngokwanele.
Ukulungiswa kwemali yokugcoba imfucuza kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi imali engenayo eqhubekayo kanye nokukhuthazwa kwabangena emkhakheni wezinyosi. Njengoba iNingizimu Afrika ihlukile kwamanye amazwe, imboni yokufuya izinyosi kuyodingeka ivumelane nezimo zendawo. Izinyathelo zokuhweba ngokuphathelene nokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo ezintsha kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha kuyoba yisici esibalulekile. Ukuchithwa kwemifino kusekhona inkinga futhi ukweba kuzomele kunqunywe. Ezinye izindawo ezinesidingo sokunakekelwa ziyobe zondla izinyosi, ubusika kanye nokuzala indlovukazi.

Ucwaningo Olwenziwe Ngokulondoloza Izinyosi eNingizimu Afrika

Ukucwaninga embonini yezokufuya izinyosi akukona ukukhishwa, nomcwaningi oyedwa okwamanje oqashwe nguMkhandlu Wezolimo Wezolimo. Nokho, iYunivesithi yasePitoli nayo ihilelekile ekucwaningweni kwezinyosi. Njengoba imboni yokukhiqiza izinyosi iyingcosana futhi ihlangene, imali yokucwaninga ayitholakali kalula. Indima kahulumeni nayo ayibalulekile. Ukubandakanyeka kwezinye izimboni ezinjengezithelo eziqhamukayo, izitshalo ezincane nezitshalo ezitshalo ezomdlandla kuyodingeka uma kuqhubeka kulindeleke ukuthi izinsizakalo zokuvotela imfuyo zilindeleke kubalimi bezinyosi.

Translated by Nsika Khoza