Ungasiqala Njani Isitiya seMifuno Esingena Khemikhali

© Marinda Louw
Mix crops to limit bug infestation and to improve soils.
Umhlaba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kulimo olungenazi khemikhali. Phambi kokuqaa isitiya semifuno, kuyadingeka ukuphucula umhlaba ngokugalela izondlo ezingenakhemikhali. Izondlo ezingenakhemikhali zinceda ukugcina umhlaba umanzi ixesha elide. Umhlaba ufunxa kakuhe amanzi, kwaye lamanzi angena nzulu kunye nomhlaba ukwazi ukuwagcina ixesha elide. Oku kubangwa kukuba sele kukho izinongo zendalo emhlabeni.
Iingcambu zezityalo ziphuhla ngcomo kwaye zibenzulu, oku kunceda ukuba kukhule izityalo ezisempilweni. Izondlo ezingena khemikhali kunye neengcambu ezingene kakuhle emhlabeni nezingenisa umoya emhlabeni; zenza umtshalane kwimisundululu encedisa eku coleni kwezinongo zomhlaba nethi yongeze kuchumiso lomhlaba. Umoya omninzi emhlabeni uzisa i-oxijini kwiingcambu zezityalo ukuze zikhule zikwazi nokuphefumla.
Izixhobo ezingavumelekanga kulimo olungenakhemikhali ziquka izibulali ntsholongwane okanye amachiza okubulala ukungunda kwimbewu. eMzantsi Afrika, yonke imbewu yentengiso inyangwa ngesibulali ntsholongwane zokungunda ukulwa nezifo kunye nokosuleleka kokungunda kwizithole. Umhlaba uhlala unentsholongwane yokungunda. La machiza akhusela imbewu kuzo zone iintsholongwane eziphuma emhlabeni.
Imbewu yemvelo ingasetyenziswa. Ukuba ayikho imbewu eze nosasazeko ezindidi ingasetyenziswa. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) azivumelekanga kulimo lwendalo. Umvelisi ongasebenzisi zikhemikhali udinga ukufunama isiqinisekiso kumthengisi esichazayo ukuba akukho mbewu ye GMO ayithengiselweyo. Oku akungeni kwimbewu kuphela, kodwa nakwizithole kunye nezishunqulo.

Ukulungiselela Umandlalo weMbewu

©Eric Miller
Spier Wine Estate outside Cape Town. Women working on an organic agricultural project that is part of the wine farms programs.
Phambi kokwemba imingxuma yesitiya sakho, udinga ukuqokelela inkunkuma yesitiya kunye neyekitshi iiveki ezimbalwa. Yidibanise kwisichumiso ukuze ibole de ube uqokelele eyaneleyo. Le nkunkuma iye ixutywe (ngokupakishana) kunye nomhlaba kumandlalo wokutyala imbewu. Umandlalo wembewu akufunekanga ubemkhulu kunocango. Qiniseka ngokuba lomhlaba ungaphezulu umnyama kunye nomhlaba ongaphantsi ayidibani. Sebenzisa umhlaba wangaphezulu ukudiba xa sele ugqiba.
Amanye amafama anemihlaba emikhulu kwaye angafuna ukutyala imifuno emininzi ukuze athengise. Angenza ke omandlalo abaninzi, okanye lemihlaba isikiweyo ingamide kune 2m, kodwa ingaze ibebanzi ukogqitha 1m.
Umandlalo omxinwa kulula ukuwunkcenkceshela.
Kulula ukuhlolwa izityalo ukhangele izitshabalalisi kunye nezifo. Kwaye nokusiphula ukhula.
Izityalo zingakhuseleka lula nangendlela kwizilwanyana nakwii ntaka.
Kwenza kubelula ukuhmaba kumhlaba otyaliweyo kwaye kungakhusela nokuba umhlaba upakishane.

Translated by Zizipho Silwana