Ukuthena

Okubheka kahle Ukuthena ngesivini Samagilebhisi

©Louise Brodie
Pruning is done by hand during the winter months of July and August.
Isivini siyisitshalo esisabalalyo ngokwemvelo yaso, okuthi uma singanquntwanga singakwazi ukuthwala amagilebhisi kodwa ngezigaxa ezincane. Ngokunqunta isivini ngendlela efanele, siyakwazi ukuthola isimo somumo esihle bese sikwazi ukulawula iqophela nezinga lesivuno kanye nosayizi wesigaxa. Ukuthena kungasetshenziswa ukukhwezela amandla kuso. Uma kunquntwa, kususwa ingxenye yendawo yehlumela ebeseliqala ukumila amagilebhisi, nawowonkeke amakhaba angafunakali kweisivini ngoba izigaxa zakheka njalo ngonyaka wekuhluma kukhuni uselubekhona iminyaka emibili. Ukuthena kwenziwa ebusika.
Inhloso ngokunqunta ukukwazi ukuthola uphinde ugcine isimo sokuma kwesivini ofisa ukusithola lokhu kwenzeke isikhathi eside. Ngalendlela kunsetshenziswa ukuhlelemba ngokuhlakulela. Okwesibile, Indlela efanele yokunqunta iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola isilimo esisezingeni leqophelo eliphezulu. Umomo omuhle wesivini ubalulekile ngoba uqinisekisa ukuthi imshini nokusetshenziswa kwe trellis kwenzeka kahle ngalokhoke kutholakala kahle ilanga nomoya.
Izigaxa zamagilebhisi nazo zibe sezikwazi ukusabalala ngendlela elinganayo. Futhi, kukhuthaza ukuthela kwamahlumela kuphinde kuqinisekise ukulingana okuhle phakathi kwezimpande nokukhula kwamahlumela. Indlela yokunquntula nobude bayo ixhomekeke kwisivini nesivini, futhi ingashinstha kusuka kwi cultivar kuya kwenye. Kuye ngokuthi ikuyiphi indawo nemakethe amagilebhisi azosetshenziswa kuyo.

Izindlela Zokuthena isivini Smagilebhisi

Spur pruning: Indlela lapho kunquntulwa izinduku/ezithwele izigaxa zinqunywe ngasemuva kusale ihlumela elilodwa noma amabili. Lendlela isetshenziswa kakhulu kumagilebhisi atshalelwa ukukhiqiza amawayini. ihlumela elufushane elinemihlumo emibili ebizwa ngokuthi ngama-spur. Ukunqunywa kwenziwa ngaphezu kwehlumela elisemsukeni, unganqunti uze ufike kwihlumela lesibili.
Ukuthena okuyibanga elinguhhafu: lena indlela yokunquntula isivini ukwazi ukugcina uhhafu wenduku ethwala isigaxa. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kuma gilebhisi – table grapes noma lapho kukhiqizwa kakhulu nge cultivar eyisipesheli edingekalayo. Ingasetshenziswa ukukhuthanza amandla okuthela esivini ngokuthi kubekhona okuthwala amahlumela amaningi ngesivini.

Ukungqunta kwe Guyot: ukungqunta isivini kwezinduku eyodwa noma ezimbili esezinamahlumela ayisishiyagalombili futhi ngalinye lawu linemihlumo emufushane elinemihlumo emibili ebizwa ngokuthi ngama-spur lapha ezansi nalo lokhu okokuthi livuseleleke kwinkathi yonyaka ezayo. Ukuthena kwe Guyot kuvamise ukusetshenziswa emazweni anokubanda ase Europe kusetshenziswa ama cultivar angatheli kakhulu anjenge Cabernet, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc. Abanqunti abanamakhona okukwenza abadingakalayo.
Ukuthena ngobude: Indlela yokunqunta lapho izigaxa ezithwalayo zishiwa namahlumela angu 12-15. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwizinhlobonhlobo zama Sultana. Okuhle ngalendlela yokunqunta ukuthu iqinisekisa isivuno esihle kwamaningi amagilebhisi etafula (table grapes) ngohlobo lwe cultivar yawo. Nokhoke okubuyisela emuva ukuthi lendlela indinga umsebenzi omkhulu ukwenziwa.
Ukuthena ngemishini: lokhu kwenziwa ngemishini futhi kuyindlela ejwayelekile ukusetshenziswa ngama blades okusika avundlile nanqumayo. Zikhunake nenzinye izindlela zemishini esetshenzizwayo njengezikere zomshini ezikwazi ukukwenza umsebenzi wokunqunta.
Ukuthena kwe Bush vine: kubandakanye imigomo efanayo nokunqunta kwe spur nokunqunta ngobude, kodwa izinduku zinq unywa nesibomo ukufinyelela kwingaphandle lehlumela. Kubalulekile ukugcina iphakathi nendawo lesivini livulekile futhi njengomthetho kumele lesosikhala sikwazi ukugena ibhola lezinyawo.

Izigaba Zokunqunta

©Louise Brodie
A team of women pruners in the Hex Valley.
Ukuthena kothango (hedging), okuphinde kwaziwe ngokunqunta kokuqala, ilapho ingxenye ephezulu kwizinduku isikwa bese idonswa ikhishwe kowaya. Ukuthena kothango kweziwa uma cishe u 50 wamahlamvu esewile nezinduku sezenziwe ukhuni olomile (sekukhona utwentwesi kwizinduku). Ukuthena kokuqala kulekelela isikhathi esizayo Ukuthena futhi kungenziwa ngemishini noma ngabasebenzi abangaqeqeshiwe. Uma usebenzisa Ukuthena ngobude akudingeki ukuthi wenze Ukuthena kokuhesha uthango.
Okokuqala noma Ukuthena okuhlanzekile (Preliminary or clean pruning) ilapho wonke amakhaba angasetshenziswanga njengezigaxa zokuthwala esuswa khona. Ukuthena kwe-preliminary wenziwa cishe uma u-50 wamahlamvu esewile kanye nezinduku zenziwe ukhuni olomile. Ukuthena okufushane noma Ukuthena kokugcina isigaba sokugcina Ukuthena lapho amakhaba esikwa ebuyiselwa emuva kuze kube isibalo esifanele samahlumela.

Isikhathi Sokuthena

©Louise Brodie
Pruning begins when the all the leaves have fallen.
Isikhathi sokuthena sibalulekile kakhulu. Ngokujwayelekile, ukuthena kuqala lapho wonke amahlamvu esevini esewile, ngokuvale kuba uma kuqala inyanga ka June. Umgomo ukuthi ukushesha uthene kwandisa amathuba okukhulisa, kuthi ukuthena sekudlulile isikhathi kona kwandisa amathuba okuthela kakhulu bese umkhiqizo ube muningi. ukuqhuma kwehlumela kuyakwazi ukuthi kulistahnziswe ngamasonto amabili kuuya kwamathathu futhi ukuthena emva sekudlule isikhathi kungenziwa ezindaweni ezivamise ukukhahlamezwa ukukhithika.
Ukuthena okufushane okwenziwa emva kwesikhathi ngo August kungaholela eknwandeni kwamahlumela. Isivino esikhula ngamandla kumele sithenwe maduzem ngemuva nje kokuvuna, ngesikhathi amaqabunga esakhula. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwehlisa ukugcwala kwezinqolobane kwehlise nezinga lokukhuna ngesivinini kwenkathi ezayo yonyaka. Amanye ama cultivar njenge Hanepoot, kuhle ukuthena ngendlela ehlanzekile noma ngemfushane ukwenze kanyakanye.

Ukulawula ukunqunta Kokusika

©Louise Brodie
Pruned cuttings are left in the vineyard row. This is later cut up to serve as a mulch.
lengxenye ibaluleke kakhulu kwabanye abakhiqizi futhi abathenayo bayatshelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuthi kumele izinsalela zokusikiwe bazibeke kuphi.
Enekwe phakathi nomugqa, lapho iphinde isikwe ibe yizingcucu ngomshini wokusika utshani ukuze izisetshenziswa ibe isembozo.
iSikwe ibe izingcucu bese ifafazwa ezansi nendawo engumgingqiliza kumugqa wesivini.
Ijikujelwe kuyoyonke imigqa yesibili, ngokuvamile kumungqa lapho kungekho khona isembozo esitshaliwe – ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nawu izophinde inqunye ibe yizingcucu ngomshini wokusika utshani yenziwe isembozo.

Ukuthena Amanxeba

©Louise Brodie
Pruning wounds should be treated against fungal infections.
Amanxeba avela lapho kusikwe khona amakhaba ayelashwa ngemuva kokuthenwa ukuze angabi nokukhunta. Indlea okulawulwa ngayo ukukhunta ngesikhathi sokuthenwa kuyehluka kakhulu kwipulazi nepulazi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungalinge uthene uma izulu linetha.
Izibonele zokulawula ukukhunta:
Colisisa izikere emva kokuba ususikile ekugcineni kumugqa wokuqala
Wokuqeda ukukhunta kuwo amanxeba ngemuva kokuthi usuthenile.
Gcobisa umuthi wokuvala kulo inxeba elitheniwe elingaphezu kwekhoyini u 50cents.
Fafaza i-Trichoderma lokhu kuyindlela enhle yokuvikela amanxeba akade esanda kuthenwa.

Ukunakekela Izikere Zokugunda (uma kuthenwa)

©Gys FELCO
Equipment needed to care for pruning scissors
Ukuze ulungiselele inkanti yonyaka elandelayo uphinde ugcine izikere zokunquntula nokugunda isikhathi eside ziphile kahle njalo obokwenza lokhu okulandelayo:
Geza imimese yokusika yezikere zokuthena (ukunqunta/ukugunda) ngendwangu kakotini ecwiliswe kwi alcohol noma i hydrogen peroxide. Zinhlanzisise kanye ngenkathi yonyaka ngokuthi uqaqe amabhawodi abamba izingxenye zawo uhlanzisise zonke izingxenye ngazinye.
Isipiringi kumele sihlezi sikwazi ukubamba nokudonsa futhi kumele sigcinwe sihlanzekile zigcotshiswe amafutha kancane.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ishizolo aliphukile nokuthi liloliwe.
Izikere ezingaxhunyiwe ngendlela ziziokwenza usebenze kanzima ukhathale bese zilimaza impahla.
Lola imimese, ulole kumakhona angesokodla kusheshisa umsebenzi bese kuqinisekisa ukuthi usika kahle. imimese (amasaha) kumele isulwe ihlanzeke njalonjalo ngesikhathi sokuthena.

Translated by Nokubonga Guliwe