Ku Tsemeta

Nkatsakanyo wo hunguta mudiriva

©Louise Brodie

Pruning is done by hand during the winter months of July and August.

Misinya ya madiriva i misinya leyi navaka swinene hintumbuluko, laha loko yoka yinga tsemetiwi yitava na madiriva lawa yantsongo swinene eka swichocho swakona. Kuva misinya leyi yitsemetiwa kahle, swiendla leswaku yiva na xivumbeko xakahle naswona swiendla leswaku kufikeleriwa khwalithi ya madiriva na ntshovelo wa swichocho swakahle. Kutsemeta swipfuneta makulelo ya nsinya wa mudiriva. Hinkarhi lowu waku tsemeta, rhavi leri rivaka riri na xichochoxa madiriva narona ratsemiwa, xikanwe na swirhabyani leswinga lavekeki. Kutsemeta swirhabyani swiendliwa hi nguva ya xixixika. Xikongomelo nkulu xakutsemeta ikuva kufikeleriwa xivumbeko xokarhi xa nsinya wa madiriva kuringana nkarhi woleha.
Hindlela leyi nseketelo watirhisiwa kufikelela xikongomelo. Xavumbirhi, ntsemeto wakahle wuendla leswaku kuva na khwalithi yakahle ya swimilani yafikeleriwa. Xivumbeko xakahle xa nsinya wa mudiriva xina nkoka swinene hikuva swiendla leswaku michini yitirhisiwa kahle xikanwe na nseketelo lowunene leswi endlaka leswaku na miseve yadyambu na moya swikota kufikelela kahle nsinya lowu. Swichocho swa madiriva swiva switshame eka tindhawu takahle swinene.
Tlhandla ka mbirhi, marhavi yakula kahle hindlela leyi naswona switiyisisa leswaku timintsu na nsinya swikula kahle. Matsemetelo na kuleha ka nsinya swiya hi kuhambana hambana ka masimu ya madiriva naswona swiya na hi swibyariwa leswibyariweke eka nsimu yoleyo, ndzhawu leyinga byariwa xikanwe na madiriva na leswi yangata tirhisiwa swona.

Tindlela to hunguta mudiriva

Spur pruning: ndlela yo tsemeta laha ku tsemiwaka swirhabyani kusala swimbirhi ntsena. Maendlelo lawa ya tirhisiwa ngopfu eka madiriva ya wayeni. Nsinya lowungana marhavi yambirhi wuvuriwa spur. Kutsemeta swisungula le hansi ka tshindi kungari e henhla ka rhavi ra vumbirhi.
Half-long pruning: ntsemeto lowu lavaka kufikelela nsinya woka wunga lehangi ngopfu. Leswi switala ku endliwa eka madiriva yantolovelo laha kuhumelerisa kale henhla kulavekaka. Swinga tlhela switirhisiwa ku endla vukulu bya nsinya.
Guyot pruning: i ntsemeto lowu endliwaka eka nsinya kuva wuva na swirhabyani swa 8 laha kusiyiwaka swirhabyana leswingata kula eka nguva leyitaka. Guyot pruning i maendlelo lawa ya tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka tindzhawu leti titimelaka kunga ema tikweni ya Europa laha misava yinga nonangiki ngopfu tani hi Cabernet, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc. Vatsemeti va ntokoto valaveka swinene.
Long pruning: lebyi ivutsemeti lebyi nsinya wusiyiwaka na kwalomu ka 12 – 15 wa swirhabyani. Switala ku tirhisiwa eka muxaka wa Sultana. Mbuyelo wa ntsemeto lowu hileswaku kuva na ntshovelo wakahle swinene wa madiriva. Xobiha xakona hileswaku kulaveka vanhu votala kutirha ntirho lowu.
Mechanical pruning: i ntsemeto lowu endliwaka hi muchini naswona wu endliwa ngopfu hiti horizontal na vertical blades. Kuna michini yinwana leyi tirhisiwaka kufana na swikero leswi hatlisisaka ntirho lowu.
Bush vine pruning: i ntsemeto lowu katsaka maendlelo ya spur or long pruning, kambe laha kutsemiwa swirhabyani swale handle. Switlhela swiva na nkoka kutshika exikarhi ka nsimu kupfulekile, tani hileswi nawu wuvulaka leswaku bolo yifanele kuringana.

Switeji swo hunguta

©Louise Brodie

A team of women pruners in the Hex Valley.

Hedging, leyi tivekaka hi pre-pruning, hiloko kutsemiwa e henhla ka nsinya kususiwa le henhla ka darata. Hedging yi endliwa loko matluka ya dzudzekile kuringana 50% naswona timhandzi tisale erivaleni (presence of bark-like tissue on canes). Loko ku endliwa Pre-pruning switirhisiwa kululamisela maendlelo lawa endzhaku ka nkarhi leswingata endliwa hi muchini kumbe vatirhi vopfumala ntokoto.
Loko ku endliwa long pruning, maendlelo ya hedging aya laveki. Preliminary or clean pruning hiloko marhavi lawa yanga tirhisiweki tani hiti bearers ya susiwa. Preliminary pruning yi endliwa loko kwalomu ka 50% wa matluka yadzudzekile. Short pruning kumbe final pruning i xiteji xohetelela xo tsemeta loko marhavi yatlhela yatsemetiwa leswaku yata fikelela mpimo wo ringanela.

Nkarhi wo hunguta

©Louise Brodie

Pruning begins when the all the leaves have fallen.

Nkarhi wa ntsemeto wuna nkoka. Hixitalo, ntsemeto wusungula loko matluka hinkwawo ya dzudzekile, kusukela hi June. Nawu hileswaku kuva kuhatla kutsemetiwa swiendla leswaku nsinya wukula kahle, kasi kutsemeta endzhaku ka nkarhi swiendla leswaku nsinya wuva na mihandzu leyinene. Kuhuma ka marhavi swinga hlwerisiwa hikwalomu ka mavhiki mambirhi kumbe manharhu leswivulaka leswaku ntsemeto wunga hlwerisiwa leswinga endliwaka eka tindzhawu leti tingana gwitsi.
Ntsemeto wale ndzhaku wungava kona hi August leswi endlaka leswaku kuhuma swirhabyani swotala. Misinya leyi kulaka ngopfu yinga tsemetiwa hiku hatlisa, endzhaku ka ntshovelo laha matluka yaha humaka. Leswi swiendleriwa kuhunguta kukula ka misinya eka nguva leyitaka. Kufana na swibyariwa swofana na Hanepoot, swina nkoka ku tsemeta no basisa hinkarhi wun’we.

Kuhlayisiwa ka switsemiwa

©Louise Brodie

Pruned cuttings are left in the vineyard row. This is later cut up to serve as a mulch.

Leswi swina nkoka swinene eka van’wamapurasi vanwani, naswona vatsemeti vabyeriwa kahari na nkarhi leswaku leswi vanga switsema vata swiveka kwihi:
Swinga hangalasiwa eka ntila wale xikarhi, laha swingata tlhela switsemeleriwa swiva swiphizani leswintsongo leswaku switava mulch. Swinga tsemeleriwa swiva leswintsongo swihaxiwa eka berm. Berm i mugerho lowunga ehansi ka misinya. Swinga hoxiwa eka ntila wunwana na wunwana wa vumbirhi, leswingata tsemetiwa hi bush cutter kuva mulch.

Swilondza laha kunga tsemiwa

©Louise Brodie

Pruning wounds should be treated against fungal infections.

Swilondza leswi salaka endzhaku ko tsemiwa swahlayisiwa leswaku nsinya wunga boli. Nhlayiso wakona wahambana kuya hi mapurasi, kambe swina nkokakuva kutsemetiwa himinkarhi yatimpfula. Swikombiso swo lawula ku bola:
Sterilize swikero emakumu ka ntila wun’wana na wun’wana. Fafazela fungicide laha kunga tsemiwa kona. Tota sealant eka xilondza lexinga hundzeki 50 cent coin. Fafazela Trichoderma – leyi indlela yakahle swinene yosirhelela swilondza endzhaku kotsemetiwa.

Nhlayiso wa pruning shears

©Gys FELCO

Equipment needed to care for pruning scissors

Kululamisela nguva leyitaka xikanwe no engetelela vutomi bya shear ufanele ku endla leswi landzelaka:
Basisa swotsemeta hi swona endzhaku ko switirhisa hiku tirhisa cotton leyinga petiwa endzini ka byala kumbe hydrogen peroxide. Endla mbhasiso kanwe hi nguva hikuva u chucha mabawuti leswaku uta basisa hi xin’we xin’we.
Xipiringi xifanele kubasisiwa no cheriwa oyili minkarhi hinkwayo. Tiyisisa leswaku anvil ayi vavisekangi naswona yitshama yilotiwile. Pherhe ya shear leyinga vekeriwangiki kahle yitaku karhalisa naswona yinga tshova muchini. Lota swisingwhani. Kuva swisingwhani swiva swilotiwe kahle swiendla leswaku ntirho wuendleka kahle. Swisingwhani leswi swifanele kubasisiwa loko swiheta kutirhisiwa.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni