Ukunisela

©Louise Brodie
Pivot Irrigation.
Ukunisela ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ngamanzi ukuze kube nokukhula kwezitshalo noma ezinye izimila ngokusebenzisa imisele, iziteshi noma amapayipi lapho imvula ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi adingekayo ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo.
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni likhula futhi yonke imvelo yemvelo nezinsiza zisetshenziselwa ukuxhashazwa futhi zibeke ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, amanzi amasha ashesha ukuba abe yimpahla ebaluleke kakhulu emva kwemoya ehlanzekile emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi izindlela nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu nezindlela ezisebenzayo zenzelwe ukugcina amanzi kodwa zinikeza okudingekayo ekuvuneni kwezitshalo ezikhulayo ezivela endaweni yomhlabathi.

Izinhlobo zokuNisela

Izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokunisela zichazwe futhi zifanekisiswe ngezansi.

Ukunisela Kwezamcolo

©Louise Brodie
Flood Irrigation.
Yilapho amanzi ahanjiswa khona ensimini noma ensimini yezithelo futhi avunyelwe ukuhlanganisa yonke indawo yendawo etshalwayo. Lena indlela endala futhi isetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka.
Kodwa-ke kuyingozi kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho kunqunywa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi.
Lokhu akuyona indlela enembile kakhulu futhi kungaholela enhlabathini yamanzi.

UkuNisela Kokufafaza

©Louise Brodie
Rainbird Sprinklers.
Lokhu kungukuthi amanzi aqhutshelwa ngamapompu noma amandla adonsela phansi endaweni yokusebenzisa lapho amanzi eqhutshwa khona ikhanda noma ibhubhu ngaphansi kokucindezelwa okungenani okungama-35 PSI (amapremu ngamakhilomitha angu-inch - water pressure unit of measurement) edala iphethini yefrafu phezu kwendawo edinga amanzi. I-sprinklers evame kakhulu yi-Impact Sprinklers ephenduka ngcindezi nomthelela wamanzi nokukhula kwengalo.

I-Pivot Irrigation Yaphakathi

©Louise Brodie
Wheat with Pivot Irrigation.
Lena uhlelo lokufafaza okuzenzakalelayo oluqhutshwa yiwo ugesi noma amandla kagesi amanzi okushayela uhlelo lwezimoto eziguqula amasondo lapho ingalo yombhobho iqhubekela khona endaweni engaphezulu kakhulu emithonjeni yamanzi. Ingahamba ngokugcwele noma yinoma iyiphi ingxenye yombuthano njengoba kudingeka. Ama-sprinklers esikhungweni ayoba amancane anike amanzi amancane futhi ama-sprinklers azokhula kancane kancane ahlinzeke ngamanzi amaningi ahamba ngaphandle ngaphandle kwengalo evuliwe ne-sprinkler enkulu esekelwe ekugcineni kwengalo ngoba lapha i-pivot ishayela ngokushesha emhlabathini amanzi amaningi idinga ukukhululwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esithile.

Ukunisela Kwamaconsi Amancane

©Louise Brodie
Drip Irrigation.
Lokhu kubhekwa njengendlela ehle kakhulu yokonga futhi esebenzayo futhi isetshenziselwa kaningi njengoba amanzi elula. Ngokunisela ukuchelela, ukucindezelwa okuphansi kakhulu phakathi kuka-15 no-25 psi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amanzi.
Amanzi anikezwa yizinsiza eziphonsa amaconsi ngokuqondile emhlabathini, ukugxila kwesicelo endaweni yendawo yezimpande eduze kwesiqu.
Kwezinye izimo, amapayipi amanzi ayiswa ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze amanzi ahanjiswe ngqo ezindaweni eziyizimpande ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa yi-evaporation nokunciphisa ukukhula kokhula emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuze amanzi okuchelela aphuze kumele ahlungwe kahle ngoba noma yiziphi izidumbu ezivunyelwe ukungena emipayipi zizovimba izimbobo ezincane emipayipi. Lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukuqapha uma wonke ama-drippers esebenza.

Ukunisela Kokufafaza Kancane

©Louise Brodie
Micro-spray Irrigation.
I-micro-spray iyiphambano phakathi kokunisela ukuklasha kanye nokunisela okuncane. Kunamanye amahle kanye nezinye izinkinga zohlobo ngalunye lokunisela.
Njengomanyolo wokunisela, ukuchelela okuphambene nezincane kubhekwa njengokuncishiswa okuphansi kokucindezela ngokuvamile okukwazi ukusebenzisana nezingcindezi eziphakathi kuka-15 no-25 psi.
Ukunisela ukuchelela okuncane kudala indawo enamanzi kunomanyolo wokugcoba, okwenza kube kuhle ukuchelela izihlahla, imibhede emikhulu yemifino kanye nezindawo lapho inhlabathi ingu-sandier futhi inesibindi.
Ukuphuphuma kwe-evaporation kuphakeme futhi akufani nokudonsa, kwandisa ukukhula kokhula kulelo sitshalo sesitshalo sesifundo.

Translated by Nsika Khoza