Ukuthelelela
Ukuthelelela kulokha umuntu athela amanzi ehlabathini uthelela iintjalo ezikhulako nanyana ezinye nezinye iintjalo ngokuwathela emaforweni, nanyana ngamaphayiphi lapha izulu linganikezi ngokwaneleko iintjalo amanzi eziwatlhogako ukoban zikhule bezikhiqize ezinye iintjalo.
Njengombana isitjhaba sephasi sikhula zoke iintjalo zemvelo kanye nensetjenziswa ziyatlhoriswa begodu ziyagandeleleka amanzi afretjhi msinya sele athoma kukuba yinto eqakathekileko elandela umoya ohlwengekileko ephasini.Njeke sele kusetjenziswa iindlela zokonga amanzi kodwana sele alethwa okutlhogwa zintjalo ezilokhu zingezeleleka ezitlhogeka endaweni enehlabathi.
Imihlobo Yezinto Zokuthelelela
Kunemihlobo emihlanu yokuthelelela etlhadlhulwe beyatjengiswa ngaphasi.
Ukuthelelela Ngenkhukhula - Flood Irrigation
Kulokha amanzi athunyelwa esimini nanyana engadini avunyelwe kobana angene endaweni etjaliweko.Le yindlela edala begodu sele isetjenziswe iminyaka.Kodwana kubonwa njengokona begodu sele kuqedwa ngebanga lamanzi atjhodako. Begodu akusiyindlela elungileko begodu kungenza ihlabathi elidaka.
I -Sprinkler Irrigation
Kulokha manzi asunduzwa ngephayiphi aze afike lapha asetjenziswa khona lapha asunduzwa aphume ehlokweni nanyana ephayiphini asunduzwa kugandeleleka okungaba yi-35 PSI (pounds per square inch – (nokuyindlela yokumeda amanzi) etlama amaphethini wokuspreya endeweni etlhoga amanzi. Ama-sprinkler ajwayeleke khulu ngilawa abizwa bona ma-impact sprinklers ajika lokha nakagandelelwako.
I-Centre Pivot Irrigation
Wheat with Pivot Irrigation.
Yisistimu ezenzelako esebenza ngegezi nanyana ngomtjhini ozenzelako otjhayela amanzi ojikisa amavilo lapha kuhlangana khona iphayiphi kude nalapha amanzi aphuma khona. Ungakhamba woke uphelele nanyana incenye etlhogakalako kwaphela. Izinto ezifafaa amanzi eziphakathi nendawo ziba zincani lokha nakuphuma amanzi amancani, zibe zikulu lokha nazithola amanzi amanengi emkhonweni omkhulu osekugcineni ngombana i-pivot ikhamba mzinya ehlabathini njeke kutlhogwa bona kuphume amanzi amanengi ngesinye nezinye isikhathi.
I-Micro-drip Irrigation
Umtjhini lo obonwa njengomtjhini owonga amanzi khulu begodu sele usetjenziswa khulu ngebanga letlhogakalo yamanzi. Nakusetjenziswa i-drip irrigation, kutlhogeka izinga eliphasi eligandelela amanzi elihlangana kwe-15 kanye ne- 25.Amanzi angen ku-dripper ekhiphela amathosi ehlabathini, iqale emrajini oseduze kwesiqu. Kwesinye isikhathi, amaphayiphu andlalwa ngaphasi kwehlabathi ukwenzela bona amanzi atjhinge emrajini okwenza bona angakhanjiswa yi-evaporation begodu aphungula nokukhula kwekhula elizombeleze isitjalo.
Lokha nakusetjenziswa i-drip irrigation amanzi kufanele asefwe kuhle ngombana iinsalela ezivunyelwa ukungena emaphayiphini zibloga imigodi emincani ezisemaphayiphini. Lokhu kubudisi ukukutjheja nange woke ama-dripper asebenza.
I-Micro-spray Irrigation
I-micro-spray yihlanganisela ye-sprinkler kanye ne-micro drip irrigation.Inobuhle nobumbi bayo, njenge-drip irrigation, i-micro spray irrigation ibonwa ingarhoni ukukhipha amanzi amanengi irhona ukukhipha amanzi agandeleleke ukufika ku-15 kanye ne- 25 psi.
I-Micro-spray irrigation ithelelela indawo ekulu kune-drip irrigation, okwenza bona ifaneleke ukuthelelela imithi,imibhede emikhulu yemirogo, kanye nendawo lapho ihlabathi iyisanda khona begodu ingenwa mamanzi. Ukuphela kwamanzi kuphezulu okungafani ne-drip, kungezelela izinga lekhula magega nesiqu sestjalo sakho.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe
