Ncheleto

©Louise Brodie
Pivot Irrigation.
Ncheleto wu endliwa hi munhu hikuva a phakela mati eka misava laha kunga byariwa swimilani kumbe nhova hiku tirhisa foro, mugerho kumbe tiphayiphi laha mpfula yingataka yinga nyikeli mati lawa ya lavekaka leswaku swimilani swita kula naku humesa mihandzu.
Loko nhlayo ya vanhu laha misaveni yiya yikula naswona swibyariwa hinkwaswo swa ntumbuluko na swin’wana switirhisiwa kutlula mpimo naswona swivekiwa ehansi ka ntshikelelo, mati ya sungula kuva xitirhisiwa xa nkoka swinene endzhaku ka moya lowu baseke emisaveni. Kutani ke, hinkwaswo swa nkoka noantswa xikan’we na maendlelo lawa ya tirhaka swileku tumbuluxiweni kuva kuta hlayisiwa mati kambe kaha phakeriwa mbuyelo lowu tlakukaka kusuka eka ndzhawu yokarhi ya misava.

Tinxaka ta Swocheleta hi Swona

Tinxaka ta ntlhanu letikulu to cheleta tihlamuseriwa no kombisiwa hindlela leyi laha hansi.

Ncheleto wa Nkhukhulo

©Louise Brodie
Flood Irrigation.
Laha hi laha mati ya lawuriwaka kuya e nsin’wini kumbe e xirhapeni naswona ya pfumeleriwa kufika ya tsakamisa ndzhawu hinkwayo leyi rimiweke. Lawa i maendlelo ya xikhale naswona aya tirhisiwa kuringana malembe yotala swinene.
Leswi akuri ku tlangisa mati swinene kutani swihetelele swiherisiwa hikwalaho ka vukalo bya mati. Leswi switlhela swingavi kahle hikuva swi endla leswaku misava yi tala mati.

Ncheleto wa Sprinkler

©Louise Brodie
Rainbird Sprinklers.
Tleswi hiloko mati ya susumetiwa hi pompo kumbe gravity kuya fikela laha mati ya humaka hile nhlokweni kumbe nomo ehansi ka ntshikelelo wakwalomu ka 35 PSI (pounds per square inch – mpimo wa ntshikelelo wa mati) leswi swi endla mafafazelelo yokarhi ya mati eka ndzhawu leyi ya lavekaka kona. Ti sprinklers ta ntolovelo hileti ta Impact Sprinklers leti hundzulukaka hikokwalaho ka ntshikelelo wa mati xikanwe na mafambelo ya xona.

Ncheleto wa Centre Pivot

©Louise Brodie
Wheat with Pivot Irrigation.
Lowu i ncheleto lowu wuti lawulaka lowu lawuriwaka hiku tirhisa gezi kumbe matimba ya muchini eka mati lawa ya fambisaka xocheleta lexi xijikisaka vhilwa laha voko ra tiphayiphi riti engetelelaka kuya fika eka ndzhawu yale kule na laha mati yanga kona. Yi jikajika yi endla xirhendzevutani kumbe yihundza eka xiphemu xokarhi laha mati ya lavekaka kona. Ti sprinklers letinga xikarhi titava tintsongo kutani tihumesa mati yantsongo naswona ti sprinklers titaya tikula kutani tihumesa mati yotala kuya e handle tirikarhi ti engetelela laha sprinkler lexikulu xinga e makumu hikuva pivot yifamba hiku hatlisa swinene ehenhla ka misava leswaku mati yata humesiwa hinkarhi lowu nyikiweke.

Ncheleto wa Micro-drip

©Louise Brodie
Drip Irrigation.
Lowu wu tekiwa tani hi lowu wu hlayisaka mati swinene xikanwe naku kota kufikelela swilaveko naswona wutirhisiwa ngopfu hikuva mati yaya ya sungula kukala swinene.
Hi ncheleto wa drip, ntshikelelo wale hansi swinene wale xikarhi ka 15 na 25 psi wa laveka ku chela mati. Mati ya phameriwa hiti drippers leti thoniselaka mati ehenhla ka misava, ti kongomise ku chela laha kungana timintsu ekusuhi swinene na tshindi.
Eka minkarhi yin’wana, tiphayiphi ta drip tile hansi ka misava leswaku mati yata fikelela kahle eka timintsu naku hunguta kuva mati ya lahleka hiku haha xikan’we naku hunguta kuva ku mila nhova etlhelo ka ximilani.
Loko kutirhisiwa drip mati ya fanele kusefiwa kahle hikuva loko ko nghena thyaka rita pfala timbhovo eka tiphayiphi. Leswi swastika kuswivona loko kuriku ti drip hinkwato ti tirha kahle.

Ncheleto wa Micro-spray

©Louise Brodie
Micro-spray Irrigation.
Micro-spray iku hlanganisiwa ka ncheleto wa sprinkler na wa micro-drip. Ncheleto lowu wuna swita ndzhaku swa kahle na swoka swingari kahle.
Tani hileswi drip irrigation, ncheleto wa micro-spray wu tekiwa wuri ncheleto lowunga laveku ntshikelelo wale henhla kuwu endla hikuva wulava ntshikelelo wale xikarhi ka 15 na 25 psi.
Ncheleto wa micro-spray wu endla leswaku kuva na ndzhawu leyikulu leyi cheletiwaka kutlula ncheleto wa drip, leswi endlaka leswaku wuva wona wunga lulamela ku cheleta misinya, xirhapa lexikulu xa matsavu xikan’we na tindzhawu leti misava yakona yingana sandi kumbe swiribyani.
Ku haha ka mati swile henhla swinene loko ku pimanyisiwa nale ka ncheleto wa drip, leswi switlhela swivanga leswaku kuva na nhova laha kungana swimilani.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni