Ukulima okwenziwe ngezithelo zedrako kwenziwa emhlabeni wonke, lapho isimo sezulu sale cacti eshisayo kufanelekile. Lokhu kufaka iNingizimu Afrika, lapho ukukhiqizwa okuthekelisa ngalezi zithelo ezinkulu ze-scaly kukhula kakhulu. I-Vietnam ngumkhiqizi omkhulu wezithelo zedrako emhlabeni, owaziwa nangokuthi i-pitaya.
Ungalima Kanjani Izithelo Zedragon
Izithelo zedrako zisakazwa kangcono kusuka kwezokusikwa.
Izitshalo zithanda inhlabathi edonsa kahle nenamakhompiyutha ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinemvula okungenani engu-400 mm futhi ifinyelela ku-1 500 mm ngonyaka. Ukutshala okuminyene okuphezulu okufika ku-1 250 izitshalo / amahektha kulawulwa kalula, ngesikhala esizi-4 m x 2.5 m kuya ku-5 m x 2,5 m, kuye ngohlelo lwe-trellising.
Iziqu ezinamanzi amnyama zingakhula zifike kumamitha ama-4, ngesikhathi esisodwa sokukhula futhi kufanele ziqeqeshelwe futhi ziboshelwe esigxotsheni esisodwa noma ohlelweni lwe-trellis olungamamitha ayi-1,8 ukuphakama. Izigxobo zikakhonkolo zangaphambili zisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi izitshalo ezintathu kuya kwezine zingaqeqeshwa esigxotsheni esisodwa.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zaseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemvula yaminyaka yonke engaphansi kwama-400 mm ngonyaka, ukuniselwayo ngezithelo zikadrako kuyalulekwa; ukuchelela kungakhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu.
Izithelo zedrako zisabela kahle emhlabathini nokufakwa kumanyolo.
Ukucoliswa Kwezimbali Zedragon
Izimbali ezinkulu zikanojiki obomvu ezinamakha ziqhakaza ubusuku obubodwa kuphela futhi zemvelo zihanjiswa ngempova ngabathuthi bempova bemvelo njengamalulwane nemundu. Kwatholakala ukuthi impova yezandla yezimbali zezithelo zikadrako ingakhuphula usayizi wezithelo, kepha ENingizimu Afrika, izinyosi zifaka isandla ekungcolisweni kwezithelo zikadrako. Izimbali ziqala ukuvulwa ngo-18:00 futhi zivalwa kuphela ngo-11:00 ngakusasa ekuseni, kusale isikhathi esanele sokuba izinyosi zisebenzise umthombo wempova ocebile wezimbali zezithelo zikadrako. Izimbali zingafika ku-30 cm ngosayizi oqukethe cishe impondo engu-100 g, ngakho-ke ukuxuba izithelo zikadrako nepulazi lezinyosi kungaba yinto engenzeka yokuphambanisa uhlelo lokulima, ngenhlanhla eyengeziwe yokuvota okungaphezulu, kweluleka uMax van Heerden wase Dragon Fruit South I-Afrika.
Ukukhanya nesimo sezulu kukhuthaza ukuqhakaza kwezimbali nezithelo zikadrako zidinga amahora angama-12 - 14 wokukhanya nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke ukukhanya okufakwayo kungasetshenziswa ukwandisa ukuqhakaza. E-Ningizimu Afrika, lokhu akunamsebenzi futhi kuyabiza, kepha ezinye izivivinyo ezinokukhanya okwengeziwe zenziwa e-Amorentia Estate & Nursery eLondon. Kusetshenziswe ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwamahora amabili kuya kwamathathu emazweni (isb. I-Vietnam) lapho ikhava lamafu ngesikhathi sasehlobo lilinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Izilokazane Nezifo
Izitshalo ze-Dragon izithelo zizwela ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu, isithwathwa nokunisela ngokweqile noma inhlabathi enamanzi. Kuyiqiniso, izilwane ezinjengemfuyo, izinyoni nezinkawu zithanda izithelo namahlamvu, kanti ezinye izithombo zezithelo zikadrako zingaphansi komnatha wethunzi ukuvikela izithelo ezivuthwa ezinyoni nasekulimaleni kwesichotho. ENingizimu Afrika, inethi yomthunzi ayisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Ucwaningo lwaseNingizimu Afrika lugxile kakhulu ezilwanyaneni nasekulawuleni kwezifo ezolimo ezifuyweni zezithelo.
Izinambuzane zifaka izibungu, ama-thrips, izintuthwane, izikali zezinambuzane, izimbungulu ezinamabala, amabhungane, ama-slugs, ama-bore, ama-nematode, izimpukane zezithelo namagundane.
Izifo zezithelo zikadrako zibandakanya ukubola kwe-stem, i-Anthracnose (okubangela izilonda ezibomvu-onsundu) kanye nama-pathogen anjenge-Fusarium spp. kanye ne-Aspergillus spp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithelo sodrako singumphathi we-fly futhi i-irradiation noma ukwelashwa komoya oshisayo kungenzeka kusetshenziselwe ukubulala amagciwane. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulunywa ngezimpukane ngezithelo kuyasebenza.
Izingqinamba zekhwalithi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezinezithelo zikadrako ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yizifo ezilimazayo nezifo zokukhunta ezihambisana nezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Ukuvunwa Kwezithelo Zedragon
Lapho izithelo zikhula, ziqala ukuguqula umbala ezinsukwini ezingama-26 - 30 emva kokucoliswa. Kufanele kube ukulungele ukuvuna ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-34, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuba izithelo sezishintshile umbala.
Inkomba ejwayelekile yokwenza isithelo sezithelo zamadrako ifaka umbala wesikhumba, ama-acid amaningi kanye noshukela (olinganiswe ku-ºBrix) kepha ukulingana okuhle phakathi kwe-acidity noshukela kuqinisekisa ukunambitheka okuhle, kusho uHoward Blight we-Amorentia Estate & Nursery eLondon.
Ngemuva kokuvunwa ngesandla, izithelo zedrako zigezwa ku-grade-grade disinfectant nosayizi-graded ngesisindo. Izithelo zihlelwa ke ngokokulimala okungaphezulu, isb. izintuthwane noma izithelo izimpukane, ishwabene, umbala wesikhumba kanye nombala nesimo samabhulokhi ('izikali').
Izitshalo zithela izithelo eminyakeni emibili emva kokutshala futhi zikhiqizwa ngokuphelele kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu. Ngokuya ngesimo sokutshalwa kanye nesimo sokutshala, okulindelekile amathani ayi-15 kuye kwangama-35 amahektha / ha.
Ukukhiqiza Kwangemva Kokuvuna Izithelo Zedragon
Izithelo zedrako ezikhiphela ngaphandle zingapakishwa ngenethi elimhlophe le-polystyrene, elifana namaphayiphu, eligoqwe ngephepha, lifakwe emabhokisini asicaba noma emaphayipini. Ekubonisweni okuyizitolo ezinkulu ezitolo, izithelo zikadrako zingafakelwa ngobuningi ziye ku-10 kg.
Izithelo zedrako zingaba nokuphila eshalofini kwamaviki amabili uma zigcinwe cishe ku-10ºC. Kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, izithelo zedrako kufanele zigcinwe ku-3ºC kuye ku-5ºC impilo yaseshalofini ephakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-27 no-42.
Umswakama omkhulu we-85% - 90%. Impilo yeshelufu ingandiswa ngokusebenzisa imvelo elawulwayo ngesikhathi sokubandela okubandayo, ngenkathi izikhwama ezishintshiwe zomoya zinganweba impilo yeshalofu yezithelo zedrako kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-42.
Uma izithelo zikadrako sezisenkingeni, ngokwesibonelo, izithelo zeklasi III, zingacutshungulwa zibe ujusi kanye nesigaxa sezithelo, esingasetshenziselwa imikhiqizo engezwe ngokubaluleka efana newayini, imiqhudelwano yezithelo namajamu. Ama-Eateries afana ne-Kauai ne-Starbucks asebenzisa izithelo zedrako kuma-smoothie nama-''resres".
Translated by Nsika Khoza