Kulinywa kwesitselo lesikhulu kwentiwa mhlabawonkhe, lapho khona simo selitulu setindzawo letifutfumele silungile. Loku kufaka iNingizimu Afrika, lapho khona umkhicito wekungeniswa waletititselo umkhulu kakhulu uhluma kakhulu. iVietnam nguyona ikhicita kakhulu sitselo lesikhulu kakhulu, lesiphindze satiwe nge pitaya.
Indlela yeKulima Sitselo Lesikhulu
Sitselo lesikhulu silungile kuhlanyelwa kulokujutjiwe.
Letitjalo ticolela umhlabatsi londvonseke kahle etindzaweni letifutfumele letinetindvula letingaba ngema milimitha lamakhulu lamane kuya ku Nkhulungwane Nemakhulu laSihlanu emamilimitha ngemnyaka. Sisindvo lesiphakeme setitjelo lesiya kutitjalo letiyinkhulungwane nemakhulu lamabili nemashumi lasihlanu kuhekitha linye kunakekeleka kamelula, nesikhala sa 4 m x 2.5 m kuya ku 5 m x 2.5 m, kushiyane ngendlela yekulinywa ngaphandle.
Lamahlanga lacinile angakhula afike ku 4 m, ngesikhatsi sinye sekukhula futsi kumele sibesilungiselelwe phindze siboshelwe epolini lelilodvwa noma indlela yekulinywa ngaphandle lokungaba ngu 1.8 ngekuphakama. Emapoli aphambilini lacinile asetjentiswa kabanti futsi titjalo letintsatfu kuya kuletine tingalungiselelwa kulinye lipoli.
Ngetimo taseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulu tindzawo letinemvula yemnyaka lengaphansi kwemamilimitha langaphansi kwemakhulu lamane ngemnyaka munye, kuyacwayiswa ngekunisela titselo letinkhulu; kunisela kungakhokha sitselo lesikhudlwana.
Sitselo lesikhulu singavuma kahle emhlabatsini kanye nakumanyolo wetintfo letibolile.
Kuvundziswa kwe Timbali teSitselo Lesikhulu
Lesitselo lesikhulu setimbali letinukelelako tichakata ngebusuku bunye futsi tivundziswa ngulokuvundzisako njengemalilwane kanye nemavivane. Kwatfolwa kutsi kuvundzisa ngesandla kwesitselo lesikhulu timbali taso tingakhula ngesisindvo, kepha eNingizimu Afrika, tinyosi tiyangetetela kulokuvundziswa kwesikhulu lesikhulu sesitselo. Timbali ticala kuvuleka ngesimbi yesitfupha ntsambama phindze tivale ngensimbi yelishumi nakunye emini yasekuseni ngelilanga lelilandzelako, kushiya sikhatsi lesenele setinyosi kutsi tihambise lokuvundzisa lokuvutsiwe kwencenye yesitselo lesikhulu setimbali.
Letimbali tingangemasentimitha lamashumi lamatsatfu ngebukhulu letfwele lokungaba sivundziso lesimagremu lalikhulu, nomanje kuhlanganisa sitselo lesikhulu nekulinywa netinyosi kungaba yintfo noma lenye indlela yekugucula noma kujikajika indlela yekulima, ngalendlela leyengetiwe yekukhulisa kuvundzisa, kucwayisa Max van Heerden wase Ningizimu Afrika weTitselo Letinkhulu.
Kukhanya kanye nesimo selitulu kukhulisa kutsela kwetimbali kantsi phindze titselo letikhulu tidzinga emahora lalishumi nakubili kuya kumahora lalishumi nakune ekukhanya ngelilanga, ngako kukhanya kwekakhiwa kungasetjentiswa kwentela kukhulisa timbali. eNingizimu Afrika, loku akwanteki ngesandla kantsi phindze kudulile, kepha letinye tintfo letengetetelwe ngekukhanya kuyentiwa eAmorentia Estate kanye Nasendzaweni Yetitselo eLimpopo. Emahora lengetiwe lamabili kuya kulamatsatfu ekukhanya lokwakhiwe lacasha kulamanye emave (njenge Vietnam) lapho khona lokuvala lifu ngesikhatsi sasehlobo kukalela kusakateka kwelilanga.
Tilwanyana kanye Netifo teSitselo Lesikhulu
Titjalo tetitselo letikhulu tiyincelencele elangeni, kusitfwatfwa kanye nasekuniselweni lokwecile noma emahlabatsini lowenta tigadlana. Ecinisweni, tilwane letifana naletifuywako, tinyoni kanye netingobiyane tintsandza lesitselo kanye nemacembe, naletinye titjalo tesitselo lesikhulu tingaphansi kwenethi yemtfuntfi kwentela kuvikela kuvutfwa kwesitselo etinyonini bese kwenta umonakalo. eNingizimu Afrika, emanethi-emitfunti akavami kusetjentiswa kabanti.
Lucwalingo lwase Ningizimu Afrika lubuke ekugadzeni tilwanyana netifo ekulinyweni kwetitselo letinkhulu. Tilwanyana tifaka imihlwa, emathrips, tintfutfwane, tilwanyana, emabhungane, emamealy bugs, emaslugs, emaborers, emanematodes, timphungane noma tilwanyana letindizako tetitselo kanye nemagundvwane.
Tifo tetitselo letinkhulu tifaka kubola kwelihlanga, iAnthracnose (lokubanga emalesheni labovu-abensundvu) kanye netifo tekutselelana letifana ne Fusarium spp. Ne Aspergillus spp. Ngekwengeta, sitselo lesikhulu sitselo lesindizako noma umoya loshisako ngekwelapha kungasetjentiswa kwentela kususa. eNingizimu Afrika, kundiza kwesitselo kuyintfo leyentiwako.
Tinkinga letinkhulu ngekuhambisa sitselo lesikhulu kushiyiseka kanye nekutselelana lokuhambisana ngekuvutfwa kakhulu kwesitselo.
Kuvunwa kwe Sitselo Lesikhulu
Njengoba nje lesitselo lesikhulu sitsela, sicala kushintja libala kumalanga lamashumi lamabili nesitfupha kuya kumashumi lamatsatfu ngemuva kwekuvundzisa. Kumele silungele kuvunwa emalangeni lamashumi lamatsatfu kuya kumashumi lamatsatfu nakune, emalangeni lambalwa ngemuva kwekushintja kwelibala lesitselo.
Kukhomba kwekuvutfwa kwesitselo lesikhulu kufaka libala lesikhumba, lokuphelele kwe esidi kanye nesigaba sashukela (kukalwe nga °Brix) kepha kulingana lokuhle emkhatsini we esidi kanye netigaba tashukela tigcizelela kuvelela lokutsite, kusho Howard Blight wase Amorentia Estate neNdzawo yeTitselo eLimpopo.
Indlela Yekwenta Kuvunwa Kwekucala kwe Sitselo Lesikhulu
Kuhambisa sitselo lesikhulu kungapakishwa kumanethi lamhlophe, lafana nepapayas, kugocelwe ephepheni, kufakwe kumakhathoni noma kumapunnets. Njengoba kukhonjiswa etitolo, sitselo lesikhulu singaba sicumbi lesipakishiwe ku 10 kg.
Sitselo lesikhulu singaba nelishelufa lemphilo lwemaviki lamabili uma sigcinwe ku 10°C. kwentela kuhanjiswa, sitselo lesikhulu kumele sigcinwe ku 3°C kuya ku 5°C ngemphilo yelishelufa lasemkhatsini wemalanga lamashumi lamabili nesikhombosa kanye nemashumi lamane nakubili.
Lobuvunguvungu bungaba ku 85% kuya ku 90%. Imphilo yelishelufa ingachutjelwa phambili ngekusebentisa simo lesigadzekako ngesikhatsi sekugcinwa emakhatane, tibe tikhwama letibamba simo tingachubekisa imphilo yelishelufa lesitselo lesikhulu kuya etulu kumalanga emashumi lamane nakubili.
Umasitselo lesikhulu sivutfwe kakhulu, njengekutsi, liklasi lesitsatfu lesitselo, lingentiwa libe yijusi kanye neliphayiphi lesitselo, lokungasetjentiswa njengelizinga lemkhicito longetiwe kufana neliwayini, titselo letigociwe kanye najamu. Tidli te Kauai kanye neStarbucks tisebentisa sitselo lesikhulu ekwenteni sinatfo kanye ‘nekwekucabula’.