Ukufuya Izimbuzi zoMdabu eNingizimu Afrika

©IVG
Indigenous goats (like this Kunene) are hardy animals adapted to harsh conditions that can browse on a variety of shrubs.
Izimbuzi zaziphakathi kwezilwane zokuqala ezasetshenziswa abantu ukukhiqiza inyama, ubisi, izikhumba kanye nenxoza.
Izimbuzi zendabuko zafika eNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi samatshe sokugcina(late stone age) nezizwe ezifudukayo futhi zitholakala ezindaweni lapho izinhlanga ezihlukene zihlala khona. Ukubukeka kwalezi zimbuzi ngokujwayelekile kubesekela imibono yokuthi zavela ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo ezehlukene. Lezi zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zembuzi zihlanganisa:
Izimbuzi zamaNguni - lunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamadlebe ajikizayo
I-Eastern Cape Xhosa - zinombala ohlukahlukene namadlebe alengayo
ENyakatho Kapa - amadlebe alengayo avakazile
I-Kunene (Kaokoland) - zinombala ohlukahlukene namadlebe alengayo
Imbuzi yendabuko yaziwa nangokuthi 'i-Vidal Veld Goat' (IVG) yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni njengohlobo ngonyaka ka-2006 kanti nomphakathi wabafuyi wasungulwa.
Imbuzi yendabuko isungulwe ngokwemvelo ukuze isebenze kahle. Zifana nenyamazane-ezinemilenze ende, ngakho zihamba kalula futhi zikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, ukuze zidle noma ziphequlula ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo.
Bangakwazi ukuphequlula (± 60%) noma badle (± 40%) yezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezihlahla, futhi babe nokukwazi ukukhetha ukudla kwekhwalithi ephakeme ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi bangathola ukondla kusuka kufoliji wesilinganiso sangaphakathi. Banezikhumba ezimnyama kakhulu futhi zinhle kakhulu nemibala emihle ezingxenyeni ezisengozini (ikhanda, izindlebe, umlomo, isifuba, imilenze yangemuva nangaphansi), ukuze zivikeleke elangeni.

Izinzuzo Zezimbuzi zoMdabu

©Marinda Louw
Indigenous goats are very fertile and will often produce twins.
Ucwaningo lwathola izimbuzi zomdabu azitholakali kakhulu zinezifo ezithwalwa izibungu (njenge-heartwater),azizweli ezibungwini futhi ngokuvamile zingamela isomiso. Lokhu kunciphisa inkokhelo zazo zokugcina. Izimbuzi eziningi zendabuko zikhiqiza uvolo ebusika, esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Izimbuzi zendabuko zilungele ukuzala kakhulu kusukela zisazincane, zibe nenkathi ende yokuzala futhi zikhiqize inzalo unyaka wonke. Zingaba nobisi izinsuku ezingu-274, zikhiqize u-1.46 kg ubisi ngosuku. Ubisi luqukethe u-5.2% wamafutha (ukhilimu), amaprotheni angu-3.8% no-4.8% we-lactose.
Izimbuzi zendabuko zazikhiqiza amazinga amaningi kakhulu amafutha obisi ngaphezu kwezimbuzi zaseSaanen, kepha isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kobisi kumbuzi zendabuko kungaphansi kakhulu. Izinkathi zabo zokwahlukanisa zifushane, ngisho nakuzidingo zamazinyane azo. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa ne-Saanen kanye nehlanganela ye-Saanen nezendabuko ezikhiqiza ubisi obukhulu obuningi ngaphezu kwesikhathi senyanga eziyishiyagalo lunye oma eyishumi.
Ukukhethwa ngokucophelela nokuzaliswa kwezimbuzi zendabuko kwaholela ekuqaleni kwezinhlobo ezintathu zemfuyo yezimbuzi eNingizimu Afrika - Imbuzi ye-Boer, imbuzi ye-Kalahari Red, ne-Savannah.

Izibalo Eziyisisekelo Zezimbuzi Zomdabu

©Marinda Louw
This goat still has all its milk teeth. Two permanent teeth appear on the lower jaw around the age of 12 months.
Izimbuzi zendabuko zikhulelwa phakathi kwezinyanga ezinhlanu - ezinsukwini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-150 - futhi zizobeletha inyane elodwa noma ezimbili ezilinganiselwa ku-2.5 kg. Amazinyane azosuswa ebeleni uma ese ku-12 - 15 kg. Lokhu sekuyizinyanga ezingu-3 kuya kweziyi kumazinyane esilisa njalo izinyanga ezingu-3.5 kuya kwezingu-4 zezinsikazi, nakuba abanye abalimi baseMpumalanga Kapa besusa ebeleni ama-kapaters abo (abesilisa ) ezinyangeni ezingu-5.
Insikazi ekhule ngokugcwele iyoba nesisindo esingama-35 - 40 kg. Izobe silungele ukuzalisa ezinyangeni ezingu-9 ubudala. Induna ekhule ngokugcwele izoba nesisindo esingama-45 - 50 kg.
Isilinganiso senduna nensikazi kufanele sibe induna eyodwa ilinganiswe nezinsikazi ezingamashumi amabili. Izinkathi eziyinhloko zokuzalisa u-Ephreli kuya kuJuni noma ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba.
Imbuzi yendabuko iphila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 - 12.

Imikhiqizo Yembuzi yaseMdabu

©Marinda Louw
Inyama yembuzi (i-chevon ne-cabrito) - iyanambitheka kahle futhi inamazinga aphansi e-cholesterol.
Izimbuzi zokubeletha - izimbuzi ezivela endaweni enezifo ziphikisana nalesi sifo sendawo.Isifo se Heartwater sitholakala emazweni amaningi ase-sub-Saharan Afrika, kodwa lesi sifo asikho ehlane laseKalahari elomileyo nasezindaweni ezisogwini zaseNamibia naseNingizimu Afrika.
Izikhumba zingaveza imikhakha ehlukahlukene yombala ekwenzeni imikhiqizo 'enezinwele'.
Ikhwalithi yekhwalithi - engenasici ngekhawu elihlabayo.
Ubisi - lusetshenziswa emakhaya amaningi futhi lungenziwa kwezinye imikhiqizo yobisi efana noshizi.
Uvolo- uvolo izinwele ezinhle ezikhiqizwa phakathi nobusika. Ukukhiqizauvolo kufaneleke ekusetshenzisweni lapho abalimi bexhumana khona kakhulu nezilwane zabo, bazi kahle ukuthi ukuchitha isikhathi esihle kwenzeka nini.

Translated by Nsika Khoza