Ukutshintshwa kwesivuno yikuhluka kwezitshalo ezahlukene ekuhambeni kwezinkathi zokutshala ngokulandelene. Izitshalo zonyaka (ezifana nemifino noma okusanhlamvu) akufanele zitshalwe endaweni efanayo iminyaka emibili elandelanayo.
Kumele kuhambisane nezinye izitshalo, ngoba izitshalo ezahlukene zithatha noma zisuse izakhi ezahlukene ezivela emhlabathini. Ukushintshwa kwezivuno kuvame ukuvela phakathi kwezitshalo ezithile uma kushintshaniswa. Kusho nje ukuthi inzalo nekhwalithi yezitshalo kungengezwa uma zitshalwe amaphethini athile okulandelwa kwezitshalo.
Isibonelo, kulinganiswa iminyaka eminingana nezindawo, isivuno sommbila sanda ngamaphesenti angaba yishumi nambili uma sakhula emva kwesitshalo esisandumba. Futhi, isivuno sikakolweni emva kwabhekilanga kanye nesikhathi sokuvuselela izinyanga eziyishumi nantathu kwakungu-54% ephakeme kunaleyo yokutshala isitshalo sikakolweni minyaka yonke.
Izinzuzo Zokuguqula Ukutshala
Ukutshala ujikeleza kusiza ukubuyisela kabusha izakhi. Isibonelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke izitshalo ezisandumba ezinjengobhontshisi ne-canola. Lezi zitshalo zinamalunga '(amalunga akhiwa yibhakhtheriya ye-Rhizobium) ezimpandeni zawo ezenza inayithrojeni (N) yesitshalo. Inayithrojeni iningi emhlabathini ngonyaka ozayo emva kokukodwa kwalokhu kutshalwa eminye imifino edinga kakhulu inayithrojeni ingasetshalwa.
Izaqathe azidingi izakhi eziningi kakhulu futhi ingahlwanyelwa izinkathi ezimbili noma ezintathu emva kokusandumba. Ukushintsha izitshalo kwephula umjikelezo wokuphila kwakhula kanye nezilokazane ezikhathazayo.
Izinambuzane zikhetha izitshalo ezithile ukubeka amaqanda noma ukuzondla. Ngakho-ke izinambuzane zizobeka amaqanda azo ezitshalweni uma ziyazi ukuthi kukhona ukudla okwenziwa yilava ngokushesha nje lapho ihlasela. Uma umkhiqizi esebenzisa ukujikeleza kwezitshalo endaweni ethile ngonyaka njalo, umjikelezo wokuphila wezinambuzane wephuka ngendlela enjalo futhi kuyindlela elondoloza imvelo yokuzama ukulawula izilokazane.
Umqondo (ukushintshanisa) izitshalo ezingezona zakhi zesifo ezithile. Ukuhlonza kahle izifo zezitshalo, ukukhethwa kwezitshalo nokusabalala kwalesi sifo kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba kuhlelwe uhlelo lokujikelezwa kwezitshalo.
Ukuhlela Umjikelezo
Hlela izitshalo ezihlukahlukene okufanele zitshalwe - zijikeleze nezinye izitshalo. Njengoba kushiwo, izitshalo ezahlukene zinezidingo ezahlukene zokudla okunomsoco.
Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezijulile ezifana nesithombo esidliwa yimfuyo, ne lusene kuhle ukuzisebenzisa ngoba zifaka izakhi zemvelo emhlabathini. Lezi zitshalo zingabuye zisetshenziswe emigqeni ukuthuthukisa inzalo yenhlabathi. Zonke izitshalo (kufaka phakathi imifino) zihlukaniswe imindeni futhi amalungu omndeni ofanayo aphethwe yizilokazane ezikhathazayo nezifo ezifanayo. Ngalokho-ke akufanele kutshalwe ngqo emva komunye ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Imifino ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu okutshala alandelayo:
Iqembu A: Iklabishi, ukholifulawa, i-broccoli, amahlumela e-brussel, anyanisi, uliksi, neshaladi lenyoka
Iqembu B: izaqathe, i-beetroot, i-swiss chard, itheniphu, ubhatata, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kanye nama-radishes
Iqembu C: Utamatisi, amazambane, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda nolethisi
Iqembu D: Amathanga, usolozi, ikhukhamba nekhabe
Iqembu E: Ubhontshisi nokusandumba
Isibonelo sendlela sokushintshanisa izitshalo zemifino sisebenza ngale ndlela elandelayo: Hlukanisa ucezu lomhlaba oluzosetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemifino zibe izindawo ezinhlanu. Tshala endaweni 1 yeqembu A, indawo 2 imifino yeqembu B, indawo 3 imifino yeqembu C, indawo 4 imifino yeqembu D kanye nendawo-5 imfino yeqembu E. Amaqembu ahlukene ashintshe endaweni eyodwa ngesikhathi ngasinye ngonyaka.
Translated by Nsika Khoza