Kuyini iListeria?

©Dr Jim Robinson
The bacteria that caused the Listeria outbreak in 2017/2018 in South Africa was never linked to pork. It was caused by contaminated human hands and packaging.
Kungani iNingizimu Afrika ihlukunyezwe kakhulu ngeListeria ngo-2017/2018?
I-Listeria monocytogenes - nakuba izwakala ingavamile futhi isongela - yi-bacterium ejwayelekile evame ukuthathwa esilwaneni noma emathunjini omuntu ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu. Kodwa sekuvele njengombulali obangela amacala angaphezu kuka-1000 okugula kwabantu kanye nokufa kuka-200, nabantwana abancane kakhulu, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kanye nabantu abangenalutho lokuzivikela njengamaqembu aphethwe kakhulu.
Umzimba we-listeria ukhona endaweni esikuyo futhi kulula ukuthola. Impilo ye-listeria ithwala (ikakhulukazi) izinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi esikhundleni sezingulube nezinja nabantu futhi zivame kakhulu emazweni asebandayo-sezulu.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uhlobo lwe-ST6 oluye lwabonakala lubhekene nokugqashuka kuka-2017/2018 alukaze lwahlukaniswa nezingulube eNingizimu Afrika. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okubandayo kwakungcolile ngezandla zabantu kanye nokupakishwa, hhayi kwenyama.

Indlela Yokuvimbela Listeria

©University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension
Wash hands every time you work with fresh meat.
I-Listeria monocytogenes ingabulawa kalula ngokupheka futhi iyaphathwa ngama-disinfectants kanye nama-antibiotic. Uma lesi sakhi singenabungozi eminyakeni eminingi emhlabeni jikelele, kungani ngokungazelelwe kubangele ukugqashuka okukhulu kwe-listeriosis ekurekhodini? Kwakuyinkimbinkimbi embi yezici ezisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kusinda nokukhula kwayo.
Lokhu kufaka:

I-ST6 yayiyinkimbinkimbi ikakhulukazi (mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuncane) okwenza izimpawu ezehlukene zivela kumkhuhlane omncane kuze kube ukuvuvukala okubulalayo kobuchopho.
Iyakwazi ukusinda nokukhula emazingeni ashisayo afudumele afana nalawo aseziqandisini zasendlini kanye namakamelo okushisa okudayisa amakhasimende futhi akhiqizi izinguquko eziphawulekayo noma izinguquko zomkhiqizo.
Iphikelela kuma-biofilms (isembatho esincane esingahle sakhiwe ezindaweni ezisebenzayo nangaphansi) namaseli ngabanye akhutshaziwe amabhaktheriya angakwazi ukuzilungisa lapho izimo zithandekayo.
Lesi sifo sinenkathi eguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi evame ukutshala isikhathi eside (izinsuku ezingama-70) ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zibonakale futhi umuntu osulelekile noma isilwane angeke abonise izibonakaliso ezicacile zokuxilonga ekuqaleni. Ukuxilonga nokubuyela emuva ukukhomba umthombo wokutheleleka ngakho-ke kunzima futhi kudla isikhathi.

Konke lokhu kuvumela ukuthi i-listeria ithole ukungena ezinhlathini nasezintweni zokucubungula izitshalo kanye namakhishi asekhaya. Uma ukuhlanza nokucwiliswa kokungcola akuyona into ephelele, amabhaktheriya asaphila azokhula emaqandisini, ezindaweni ezifudumayo kanye nama-biofilms, bese edlulisa ukungcola phansi phansi kokusatshalaliswa kwekhamphani yokucubungula kuya emakhishini abathengi.

Izicebiso Zokudla Ukudla Okuhlanzekile

©Dr Jim Robinson
When working with raw meat it is best to use smooth cuttingboards as it is easier to clean.
Kuneminye imithetho ebalulekile yokuvimbela izifo ezisakazeka ngesikhathi sokuphatha ukudla.

Wonke umuntu osebenza ngenyama eluhlaza kufanele ahlanze izandla zakhe njalo.
Wonke amathuluzi ekhishi nezindawo zokusebenza kufanele ahlanzwe ngokuphindaphindiwe: ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuphatha ukudla.
Ukunconywa ama-aprons okukhanyayo okukhanyayo kunconywa kubo bonke abaphethe ukudla.
Ukusika amabhodi kufanele kwenziwe ngezinto ezibushelelezi. Gwema izinkuni, kunzima kakhulu ukukhipha amagciwane. Ungalokothi usebenzise ibhodi yokusika, amakhishi ekhishi noma iziqukathi zokudla okuluhlaza nokuphekwe ngaphandle kokuhlanza nokukhipha imishanguzo emva kokusetshenziswa konke.
Sebenzisa isitifiketi esiphephile sokupheka ukudla, ukuhlanza kanye nokwenza ama-disinfecting ekhishini lakho. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlanza kungu-90% - isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke - sokuqedwa okuphumelelayo.
Indwangu zokuhlanza amanzi ('lappies') eyinto embi kunazo zonke. Ziyizona ezimbi kakhulu zokusabalalisa amabhaktheriya. Kunalokho sebenzisa amanzi ashisayo namaphilisi ahlanzekile ephepheni wokugcoba nokumisa amathuluzi ekhishi.
Gcina ikhishi lihlanzekile njengesibhedlela. Izitezi, izindonga, amatafula, amabheji okugcina, iziqandisisi kanye nezibambo ezivame ukudinga ukuhlanzwa okuqhubekayo.

Translated by Nsika Khoza