Xana iyini Listeria?

©Dr Jim Robinson
The bacteria that caused the Listeria outbreak in 2017/2018 in South Africa was never linked to pork. It was caused by contaminated human hands and packaging.
Xana hikokwalaho ka yini Afrika Dzonga rihlaseriwile ngopfu hi listeria eka malembe ya 2017/2018?
Listeria monocytogenes – hambi leswi switwalaka swichavisa no hlamarisa – leyi i bacterium ya ntolovelo leyi kumekaka eka swihari kumbe marhumbu ya vanhu laha yanga kombeteki vukona bya yona. Kambe yitikombe yiri xidlayi lexikulu swinene laha xinga vanga kwalomu ka kutlula 1000 wa mavabyi ya vanhu na kutlula 200 wa mafu, laha vana lavantsongo swinene, vatswatsi va malembe yale henhla ka 70 xikan’we na vanhu vanwana vanga khumbeka.
Swivumbiwa swa listeria swikumeka eka tindzhawu teti hitshamaka eka tona naswona swa olova kuswikuma. Swivumbiwa swa listeria swikumeka ngopfu eka swifuwo swofana na tihomu, tinyimpfu na timbuti kutlula tinguluve na timbyana na vanhu naswona swikumeka ngopfu eka maxelo yale matikweni lawa ya titimelaka. Nkateko wakona, ST6 strain leyinga vonaka yiri yona yinga hoxa xandla eka kuhangalaka ka 2017/2018 yi fambiseriwe ekule swinene na tinguluve laha Afrika Dzonga. Se, tinyama leto titimela hinkwato leti ati khumbheka aswivangiwe hi mavoko ya munhu ma laha ayi pakiwe kona, kungari kusuka eka nyama.

Tindlela to Sivela Listeria

©University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension
Wash hands every time you work with fresh meat.
Listeria monocytogenes yinga dlayiwa hiku olova hiku swekiwa naswona ya siveriwa hiku tirhisa ti disinfectants nati antibiotics. Loko kuve swivumbiwa leswi aswingari na khombo kuringana malembe lawa yotala emisaveni hinkwayo, xana hikokwalaho ka yini yihangalase listeriosis hi ndlela leyi? Akuri nhlangano woka wungari kahle wa swilo leswi pfunetaka kuhanya na kukula.
Leswi swikatsa:

ST6 akuri mavabyi ya matimba swinene lawa ya endlaka swikoweto swotala swinene kusuka eka flu yoka yinga karhati kuya eka ku khumbeka ka byongo.
Yikota ku hanya nakukulaeka matitimelelo yale hansi swinene kufana na le ka ti fridge tale makaya hambi kuri ti cold rooms tale mavhengeleni naswona ayi humesi muhlovo wokarhi kumbe risema rokarhi lerivaka kona.
Ya kondzelela eka ti biofilms naswona ti cells letinga vaviseka ta pfuxeleriwa hiti bacteria loko xiyimo xipfumela.
Mavabyi lawa ya hambana swinene naswona ya yakota kuhlayisiwa kuringana nkarhi woleha (70 wa masiku) loko swikoweto swinga se vonaka naswona munhu kumbe xiharhi lexinga hlaseriwa xinge kombi swikoweto loko ku endliwa vukamberi byo sungula. Swikambelo swosungula naku ringeta ku landzelerisa kuvona laha mavabyi lawa ya sukelaka kona naswona swa tika naku dya nkarhi wo leha.

Hinkwaswo leswi swipfumelela listeria ku nghena eka ti abattoirs nalaha ku lulamisiwaka swakudya swa nyama xikan’we nale makhixini yale makaya. Loko kuriku ku basisa naku susa switsongwatsongwani aswi helelangi kumbe ku basa kahle, ti bacteria letinga sala tita andzisana eka tindzhawu leti kufumelaka, xigwitsirisi nati biofilms, kutani titswalana kukondza tiya fika laha ku humelerisiwaka kona swakudya.

Switsundzuxo swa Kubasa ka Swakudya

©Dr Jim Robinson
When working with raw meat it is best to use smooth cuttingboards as it is easier to clean.
Kuna milawu yankoka swinene leyi sivelaka kuhangalaka ka mavabyi hinkarhi waku khomiwa ka swakudya.

Un’wana na un’wana loyi a tirhaka hi nyama yoka yinga swekiwangi u fanele ku hlamba mavoko himinkarhi hinkwayo.
Switirhisiwa hinkwaswo swale khixini na laha ku tirheriwaka kona kufanele ku basisiwa hiku vuyelela: loko kunga se tirhiwa, loko kukhomiwa swakudya na loko kuherile kuva kutirhiwa hi swakudya.
Ti apron tamihlovo yovonikela ta hlohleteriwa kutirhisiwa hi vatirhi hinkwavo lava tirhaka hi swakudya.
Swotsemela eka swona swifanele kuva swiendliwe hi swilo sworhetela, kunga tirhisiwi pulangi hikuva swa tika kuva kususiwa switsongwatsongwani. Unga tirhisi xotsemela eka xona, switirhisiwa swin’wana swale khixini eka swakudya swoka swinga swekiwangi na swo swekiwa unga swibasisangi kumbe kususa switsongwa tsongwani endzhaku ko switirhisa.
Tirhisa xisibi lexinga hlayiseka eka swakudya xale khixini kuva u basisa naku susa switsongwatsongwani e khixini ra wena. Tsundzuka leswaku kubasisa i 90% - swa nkoka – leswaku ku tshama ku basile.
Malapi yosula (‘lappies’) wona aya basisi nakanwe. Hiwona ya hangalasaka ti bacteria. Swa antswa u tirhisa mati yo hisa kumbe maphepha yo oma loko u basisa naku omisa switirhisiwa swale khixini.
Tiyisisa leswaku khixi ribasile kufana na xibedlhele. Laha hansi, makhumbi na matafula, vuhlayiselo bya swakudya, ti fridge ngopfu ngopfu swikhomo swa tivanti swilava kutshama swirikarhi swibasisiwa.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni