Izinombolo Zezinyosi eNingizimu Afrika

©Dr Tlou Masehela
Sunflower is an allergenic plant and needs insects when flowering (especially honeybees) for seed production.
Iphrofayli yabafuyi bezinyosi eNingizimu Afrika (SA) ayihluki kakhulu kulo lonke izwe. Ngaphansi kuka-5% wabaningi bezinyosi e-SA ngokwabo umhlaba lapho bahlala khona ngaphansi kwama-5% wezinyosi zabo. Ngakho-ke, abafuyi bezinyosi baxhomeke kwabanye abanikazi bamazwe, izindawo ezizimele, ezisezindaweni noma zemvelo, ukusekela imisebenzi yabo yokuloba.
Izibalo mayelana nokufuywa kwezinyosi eNingizimu Afrika zilinganiselwe, kodwa ngonyaka we-2017 iNingizimu Afrika yenze kuphela u-1 500 tonani uju ngonyaka, uma kuqhathaniswa namathani angama-3000 eminyakeni engu-25 eyedlule. Kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-3 000 uju angeniswa minyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi esuka eChina.
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Afrika kwamanye amazwe kuseduze.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe aseNingizimu YaseNingizimu Afrika, iNingizimu Afrika ibonakala ingaphansi kokulungele ukukhiqizwa koju. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izibhamu ezingaphezu kuka-200 000 zilawulwa eNingizimu Afrika uma kuqhathaniswa no-650 000 e-Australia kanye no-450 000 eNew Zealand (NZ). I-Chile ne-Argentina ibonisa izibalo eziningana njenge-Australia ne-NZ. Wonke amane kulawa mazwe angabakhiqizi bezinyosi, kanti i-Argentina ikhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-70 000 ngonyaka.

Izinhlekelele Ezintathu Zezinyosi eNingizimu Afrika

Imbonini yezokufuya izinyosi yaseNingizimu Afrika njengamanje (2017) ibhekene nokukhula okubi ngenxa yezinhlekelele ezintathu zamuva. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, iCape Bee (Apis mellifera capensis) yangenelela ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho zeNingizimu Afrika, lapho kutholakala khona izinyosi zase-Afrika (Apis mellifera scuttelata). Sekuvele kuboniswe umthelela omubi ekwenzeni izinyosi enyakatho.
Okwesibili, ngonyaka ka-1997 i-ectoparasite, i-Varroa, ehlala eNtshonalanga Koloni futhi yaqhubeka isakazeka kulo lonke izwe.
Ingxabano yesithathu yaqala lapho i-foulbrood eyesabayo yaseMelika, isifo esiyingozi se-bacterial bee honey bee brood nayo yabonakala eKapa ngo-2009. Izinhlamvu zamabhaktheriya zingasakazeka kalula phakathi kwezinyosi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokufuya izinyosi ezifana nokushintshaniswa kwemishini nokuhamba kwama-combs onegciwane. Kulindeleke ukuthi usakaze enyakatho eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo (2022).

Translated by Nsika Khoza