Tinhlayonhlayo to Hlayisa Tinyoxi eAfrika Dzonga

©Dr Tlou Masehela

Sunflower is an allergenic plant and needs insects when flowering (especially honeybees) for seed production.

Nhlayo ya vahlayisi va tinyoxi laha tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga ayi hambanani kule na leka matiko lawan’wana. E hansi ka 5% ta vahlayisi va tinyoxi e Afrika Dzonga vana misava ya vona laha vahlayisaka ehansi ka 5% wa tinyoxi. Vahlayisi va tinyoxi vatshembela eka vinyi va misava van’wani, vale xihundleni, mfumo na mintanga ya mfumo na yin’wana kuva vaseketela vuhlayisi bya vona vya tinyoxi.
Tinhlayonhlayo ta vuhlayisi bya tinyoxi e Afrika Dzonga byintsongo swinene, kambe hi 2017 Afrika Dzonga yihumese ntsena kwalomu ka 1 500 ton ya vulombe hi lembe, loko ku pimanyisiwa na kwalomu ka 3000 tons 25 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza. Switiyisisiwile leswaku kutlula 3 000 tons ta vulombe titisiwa kusuka eka matiko mambe hi lembe, ngopfu ngopfu kusuka e China.
Lebyi humesiwaka kusuka e Afrika Dzonga kuya eka matiko yan’wana onge kuhava. Loko ku pimanyisiwa na matiko yanwana lawa yanga laha dzongeni wa Afrika, Afrika Dzonga yivonaka yinga lulamelangi ku humelerisa vulombe. Ku ehleketeleriwa kwalomu ka kufika eka 200 000 swarms tilawuriwa laha Afrika Dzonga loko ku pimanyisiwa na kwalomu ka 650 000 e Australia na 450 000 e New Zealand (NZ). Chile na Argentina ya komba tinhlayo letifanaka na Australia xikanwe na NZ. Hinkwawo matiko lawa yari mune ya yisa vulombe ematikweni mambe, laha tiko ra Argentina rihumelerisaka kutlula 70 000 tons hi lembe.

Makhombo ya Nharhu ya Tinyoxi eAfrika Dzonga

Industry ya vahlayisi va tinyoxi e Afrika Dzonga yile(2017) ka xiave xo biha swinene xakukula hikokwalaho ka makhombo yanharhu lawa yahakuvaka kona. Ekusunguleni ka malembe yava 1990’s,Cape Bee (Apis mellifera capensis) ti hlasele swifundzha swale n’walungwini wa Afrika Dzonga, laha hi xitalo aku kumeka ngopfu (Apis mellifera scuttelata). Se swikombe xiave xo biha swinene eka vuhlayisi bya tinyoxi e n’walungwini. Xavumbirhi, hi 1997 muxaka wa ectoparasite, Varroa destructor, wuye wuya tshamiseka e Western Cape kutani yiya emahlweni ku hangalaka na tiko hinkwaro.
Khombo ra vunharhu rive kona loko ku fika American foulbrood, mavabyi ya nghozi swinene yati bacteria lawa ya chaviwaka ya tinyoxi ta vulombe lawa yanga kumeka e Cape hi 2009. Ti bacteria tinga hangalaka na laha kungana tinyoxi kuya hi maendlelo yo hlayisa tinyoxi kufana na kucincaniwa eka switirhisiwa na ku famba famba eka ti combs letinga hlaseriwa. Ya languteriwe ku hangalaka kuya fika en’walungwini wa tiko eka malembe yantlhanu lawa ya landzelaka (2022).

Translated by Ike Ngobeni