Isimo Sezimila Namasiko e-Richtersveld

Ubuhle Obuqondwa Ngabantu Abambalwa

©Shem Compion
I-Richtersveld yisifunda esikude; esishisayo, esomile futhi esibonakala singenampilo.Snobuhle obuthile obuqondwa ngabantu abambalwa, ngokuqinisekile, kodwa kungani kufanele indawo enjalo engenalutho ifaneleke isimo seGugu Lomhlaba? Eqinisweni, ngokwemibhalo elungiselelwe iqembu elikhethiwe, isayithi inemigomo yemvelo namasiko eyenza ibe yinto ehlukile. Ngamanye amazwi, kuningi okuqakatheke kakhulu e-Richtersveld kunongakubona ngeso kuqala.
Ngokubaluleka kwamasiko, i-Richtersveld yindlu yamalungu wokugcina asele ama-Nama bamaKhoikhoi abasaqhuba indlela yabo yokuphila ngokuhamba hamba. Lendlela ekhethekile 'yokuthuthisa izifuyo' ihlanganisa amaqembu omndeni amancane ahamba nemfuyo yazo yezimvu nezimbuzi kusukela endaweni eyodwa yokudla yonyaka. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi abanye babo basaphila emaqhungwaneni ohlanga, awaziwa ngokuthi ama - |haru oms ngolimi lwesi -Nama.Lokhu isiko elingakaze lishintshe eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili.

Ukuhlukahluka Okumangalisayo

©David Fleminger
Izinqubo zemvelo ziyamangalisa ngendlela efanayo. Naphezu kwemvula yeminyaka yonke ephansi, kunezimo eziningana zezulu ezikhona kwiRichtersveld ezivumela ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kokuphila kwezimila ukuba zande. Izinhlobo ezingu-350 zikhona esifundeni futhi iqukethe amasimu ezitshalo zama-lichen amaning (atholakala eduze ne-Alexander Bay).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Richtersveld iyingxenye yeSucculent Karoo, ehlanganisa izindawo ezisogwini ezisentshonalanga eNingizimu Afrika naseningizimu yeNamibia. Lesi sigaba esikhulu sinezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezinhlanu futhi cishe amaphesenti angamashumi amane zazo zikhona, kuhlanganise nezinsalela eziningi ezingavamile, okwenza kube ngeyinye yezindawo ezimbili ezishisayo zomile kodwa zinempilo yezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke (enye isempumalanga kwe-Afrika).
Noma kunjalo, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngamasiko abalimi baseNama kanye nendlela yabo yokuphila yasendulo eyathinta kakhulu i-UNESCO kanye nekomidi layo lokuphenya. Embikweni wabo, bathole ukuthi isayithi inezinga eliphezulu lobuqotho nobuqiniso kulokhu. Uhlelo lwendabuko lokufuduka kwenkathi nonyaka lusasebenza, ama-haru oms asetshenzisewa njengengxenye yokuphila yansuku zonke, futhi uhlobo oluhlelekile lokufudukisa izifuyo okwenziwa ama-Nama ubufakazi bendlela yakudala yokuphathwa komhlaba okuye kwasiza ukugcina Imvelo ye-Succulent Karoo.

Uhlu Lwamagugu Emhlabeni

©David Fleminger
Ngenxa yalokho okutholakele indawo yeRichtersvel yamukelwa ohlwini lwaMagugu omhlaba ngokwemigomo yenkambiso iv kanye no v, efana nalokhu:
(iv) ukuba isibonelo esivelele somhlobo wokwakha, ukwakheka kwezakhiwo noma ezobuchwepheshe noma indawo ekhombisa ukuthi (a) isigaba esibalulekile emlandweni wesintu.
(v) ukuba yisibonelo esivelele sokuhlala kwabantu bendabuko, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezilwandle okumele isiko (noma amasiko), noma ukusebenzisana kwabantu nemvelo ikakhulukazi uma sekube yingozi ngaphansi komthelela ongashintsheki.
Lezi zichazwe yi-UNESCO kanje:
(iv) i-Richtersveld icebile ngezimila,Indlela yokhaphelo yama-Nama futhi ibonise indlela yokuphila ephilwe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ngaphezulu kwengxenye enkulu yeNingizimu Afrika futhi yayiyingxenye ebalulekile emlandweni walendawo.
(v) i-Richtersveld ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa ezingeningizimu ye-Afrika lapho ukufudukiswa kwezifuyo ukuze zithole isondlo esingcono kusasebenza khona: njengesiko [okusho ukusebenzisana okubalulekile phakathi kwabantu nemvelo yabo] ibonisa amasiko ahlala isikhathi eside amaNama, nomphakathi womdabu. Indawo zesondlo senkomo zokufudukela zaziningi kodwa manje zisengozini.

Ubuqotho Bendawo

©Shem Compion
Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, ubuqotho bendawo busengozini. Njengamanje nje kuphela abantu abangaba amakhulu amathathu abasaqhubeka benza uhlobo lwendabuko lokufuya, kanti iningi lalabo bantu asebekhulile. Le ndawo iphinde ibe yinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ubunikazi bomhlaba wangasese buhlangene ne-Nama eminyakeni embalwa edlule futhi lokhu kunciphise amaphethini amaningi okufuduka kwabafuyi. Imisebenzi yemigodi eseMfuleni i-Orange naseRichtersveld National Park nayo ingalimaza, njengoba lokhu kubhubhisa isimo semvelo kanye namasiko ama-Nama, abavame ukushiya amadolobhana bezosebenza emayini nasemizaneni eseduze.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isayithi yangempela eyiGugu loMhlaba leMagugu ilinganiselwe usayizi kulokho okuthiwa i-Richtersveld Community Conservancy (RCC). Lona indawo yamamahektha angu-160 000 yokudla, elilawulwa yi-Sida! IHub Community Property Association (CPA). Ukuze kuvezwe ngokucacile, indawo echazwe inomkhawulo enyakatho wezintaba ze-Vandersterr kanye ne-Orange River nezintaba ze-Nababiep zaseMpumalanga. Enyakatho naseNtshonalanga, le ndawo inezigaba ezengeziwe zezwe lokudla.
Kulesi sigaba, i-Richtersveld National Park emangalisayo (esenyakatho yezintaba zeVandersterr) ayifakiwe njengendawo Eyigugu lomhlaba ngoba kusekhona umsebenzi wezimayini oqhubeka ngaphakathi kwemingcele yepaki. Nokho, kungenzeka, ukuthi isimo seGugu Lomhlaba sizohanjiswa epaki uma izimayini zivalwa futhi umhlaba ubuye uvuselelwe. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva ngoba izimayini ziphelile, futhi sezikhona izivumelwano endaweni ezivumela abafuyi baseNama ukuba bawondle izifuyo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yepaki.

Translated by Nsika Khoza