Ukukhula cherries okumnandi, Prunus avium, kunezinselele ezithile. Lokhu akubandakanyi izindleko eziphakeme zokusungula ingadi yezithelo, R250 000 - R300 000 / ha ngonyaka we-2018, kodwa futhi nokuthela okungajwayelekile kanye nokuzwela kwezimo zenhlabathi nesimo sezulu.
Ama-Cherry nawo angolunye uhlobo lokutshala isivuno, akhiqiza isivuno esikhulu ngonyaka owodwa futhi isivuno esilandelayo ngokulandelayo. Ezinye izilimo ezithela ezinye yiminqumo, amawolintshi, ama-aphula namantongomane.
Ukulima Ama-Cherry
Izihlahla ze-Cherry zingatshalwa kuphela ezindaweni ezithile eNingizimu Afrika. Bathanda ubusika obubandayo futhi abathandi ihlobo elishisayo, umoya noma isithwathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ze-cherry ziyazwela izimpande phytophthora ne-bollworm. Izinyoni zithanda ama-cherries futhi zingadla u-10% wesivuno. Ama-cherries akhulayo ngaphansi kwethavethi yisisombululo sale nkinga. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokweqile ngesikhathi sebusika kungadala ukushiswa yilanga, okwandisa ukwenzeka kwe-bacteri canker.
Ukuvikela umusi we-sunburn ntambama noma i-50% yomthunzi inetha kuyalulekwa. Ama-Cherry atholakala ekujuleni kwezimpande futhi athanda inhlabathi evulekile enamanzi amaningi nge-pH ka-6. Ngokusho kososayensi benhlabathi uNelius Kapp cherries, ekubeni izithelo eziqavile, kungadinga i-nitrogen, potassium ne phosphorus. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-boron, i-zinc ne-manganese.
Ukuhlaziywa komhlaba nenhlabathi kuzokhombisa izidingo ngqo. Ezindaweni zemvula zasebusika zaseNingizimu Afrika, ama-cherries adinga ukunisela ukuze kukhule kangcono nekhwalithi yezithelo kodwa abe nezidingo zamanzi eziphansi, cishe ama-50% ngehektha elilodwa kunama-apula, ngokwesibonelo. Ukuchelela ngokunisela ngomlutha wezakhi ekunkelweni kukhethwa kunkcenkceshelo encane, engaqhubekisela phambili ukuvela kwama-stem cankers.
Izihlahla ze-Cherry zingathengwa ezinkulisa; khetha izihlahla ezazixhunyelelwe ezisekelweni ezinhle njenge-Gisela 5 ebekezelela ubusika noma iMalaheb. Ngokukhudlwana, uhla lweMaxima lezinsiphu luyasetshenziswa.
Ama-cherries amnandi adinga i-cross-impova, ngakho-ke hlanganisa izinhlobo lapho uthenga. Tshala izinhlobonhlobo zepollinator njalo ngemuva kwesihlahla kuya kwesihlanu. Ama-cherries ama-Sour ayazisikaza. Ezolimo ezi-cherry ezidayiswayo, kusetshenziswa izihlahla zezinyosi eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyishumi nambili ekuvinjelweni kwama-cherry.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kuqala ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ukukhiqizwa okugcwele kutholakala kuphela emva kweminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa.
Ukuvuna Ama-Cherry
Ama-Cherry ayizithelo ezingeyona-imfuhlumfuhlu - lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthathwa ngokuvuthiwe ngokugcwele futhi akuvuthi emuva kokuvuna.
Ama-Cherry ayizitshalo ezinesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuvuna. Ukuvunwa kwama-cherry eSouth Africa kuqala kusuka ngeviki lama-41 - ngeviki lesibili ngo-Okthoba, futhi kugcina cishe isonto lama-51 kuze kube sekupheleni kukaDisemba, kepha izinhlobo ezithile nokuvunwa sekwephuzile kwezinye izindawo kungandisa isizini kube maphakathi noJanuwari.
Ukukhetha-Cherry kungukusebenza kanzima njengoba kudinga ukuthathwa ngesandla ngeziqu. Ingadi yezithelo izothathwa izikhathi eziyisithupha ngesizini. Ama-cherries avunisiwe adinga ukuhlanganiswa abe ngu-0,5°C ngokushesha okukhulu; lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-hydro-cooler.
Izimo zokulungela ukuthengisa eziphezulu ngu-0,5°C onomswakama ohlobene nama-95%. Ngenxa yesimo eshabalala kalula sama-cherries, inyama ethambile, isikhumba esincane, ukuvuthwa okusheshayo, iningi lamakhherubi aseNingizimu Afrika athwala umoya. Uma kuthunyelwe olwandle, kubalulekile ukuthi amazinga okushisa epulpiti angeqi ku-0°C. Impilo yamashalofu ephezulu yezinsuku ezingama-21 kusukela ekukhetheni kuya kumthengi wokugcina.
Translated by Nsika Khoza