Ku byala ti cherries leti nyanganyaka, Prunus avium, swina mintlhontlho. Leswi aswi katsi ntsena tihakelo tale henhla taku simeka xirhapa, leti atiri eka R250 000 - R300 000/ha hi 2018, naswona tina mbuyelo woka wunga tolovelekangi naswona ta nyenyela eka xiyimo xa misava na maxelo. Ti cherries i swibyariwa leswi cinca-cincaka eka mbuyelo, laha kuvaka na mbuyelo wale henhla eka mbuyelo wa lembe leri kutani wu hunguteka eka leri landzelaka. Swibyariwa swin’wana leswi fanaka na tona i ti olives, malamula, ma-apula na timanga.
Ku Rima ti Cherries
Misinya ya ti cherry yinga byariwa ntsena eka tindzhawu to karhi e Afrika Dzonga. Yitsakela xixika lexi titimelaka naswona ayi tsakeli ximumu lexi hisaka, kungana moya kumbe gwitsi. Tlhandla kambirhi, misinya ya ti cherry yi chava ngopfu phytophthora na bollworm eka timintsu. Tinyenyani ti rhandza ti cherries naswona tinga onha kuringana 10% wa ntshovelo.
Ku byala ti cherries e hansi ka net hixona xintshunxo eka xiphiqo lexi. Dyambu ra matimba hinkarhi wa xixika ringa vanga leswaku kuva na kutshwa hi dyambu, leswi engetelelaka vukona bya bacterial canker. Ku sivela kuhisiwa hi dyambu na nhlekani kumbe kuva na 50% wa ndzhuti, swa hlohleteriwa leswaku ku vekeriwa net.
Ti cherries tichava ngopfu mavabyi ya root rot naswona titsakela swinene misava leyi tswongaka swinene mati yingana pH ya 6. Kuya hi mutivi wa sayense ya misava Nelius Kapp ti cherries, letinga mihandzu yo tsokombela, tinga lava nitrogen, potassium na phosphorus. Xin’wana xa nkoka i boron, zinc na manganese. Ndzavisiso wa misava na foliar swita kombisa swinene swilaveko leswi lavekaka.
Eka tindzhawu letingana timpfula ta xixika ta Afrika Dzonga, ti cherries tilava ku cheletiwa leswaku tita kula kahle xikan’we naku antswisa khwalithi ya mihandzu kambe ati lavi mati yotala, kwalomu ka hansi ka 50% hi hectare kutlula ma-apula, tani hi xikombiso. Ncheleto wa drip lowunga cheriwa na swakudya i ncheleto lowu tsakeriwaka, lowunga hatlisisaka vukona bya stem cankers.
Misinya ya ti cherry yinga xaviwa kusuka eka ti nurseries; hlawula misinya leyingana timintsu ta kahle leti hi xixika ti kondzelelaka Gisela 5 kumbe Malaheb. Ku engetelela, kutirhisiwamuxaka wa Maxima.
Ti cherries leti nyanganyaka tilava cross-pollination, se swilava u katsa-katsa tinxaka loko u xava. Byala nsinya lowu chelaka pollen lowungatava nsinya wa vumbirhi kuya eka ntlhanu. Ti cherries leti dzungaka titi chela pollen hitoxe. Eka purasi ro xavisa rati cherry, nkaye kuya eka 12 wa mabaku ya tinyoxi/ha ya tirhisiwa leswaku yata pfuneta ku chela pollen eka ti cherry.
Vuhumelerisi bya mihandzu byi sungula endzhaku ka malembe yanharhu laha vuhumelerisi byo helela byi fikeleriwaka endzhaku ka ntsevu kuya eka nkombo wa malembe.
Ku Tshovela ti Cherries
Ti cherry ahi muhandzu lowu yaka hi maxelo – leswi swivula leswaku muhandzu lowu wunga khiwa loko wu vupfile naswona awaha vupfi kuya emahlweni endzhaku ka ntshovelo.
Ti cherry i swibyariwa leswingana nguva yo koma swinene ya ntshovelo. Ntshovelo wa ti cherry e Afrika Dzonga wusungula eka vhiki ravu 41 – laha kunga vhiki ravumbirhi eka nhweti ya October, kutani wu hela kwalomuya ka vhiki ravu 51 kuya eku heleni ka nhweti ya December, kambe tinxaka tin’wana xikan’we na laha kuhlwelaka ku tshoveriwa nguva yakona ya leha kuya fika exikarhi ka nhweti ya January.
Ku khiwa ka ti cherry i ntirho swinene tani hileswi swilavaka ku tirhiseriwa mavoko hikuva ku sala kuri na rinhu eka tona. Nsimu yatona yinga tshoveriwa kuringana ka ntsevu hi nguva yin’we. Ti cherries leti tshoveriweke ti fanele kuva ti titimetiwa eka 0.5°C hiku hatlisa endzhaku ko tshoveriwa; leswi switala ku endliwa hiku tirhisa hydro-cooler.
Xiyimo xa kahle xa nhlayiso wa ti cherries leti faneleke ku xavisiwa tifanele kuva tiri eka 0.5°C laha ku tsakama ku faneleke kuva eka 95%. Hikokwalaho ka ndzhavuko wa tona ti cherries leswi ti hatlisaka ku onheka, tivevuka endzeni, tina nhlonge yo vevuka, ti hatlisa ku vupfa, nhlayo yale henhla ya ti cherries ta Afrika Dzonga ti yisiwa ematikweni yale handle hiku tirhisa xihaha mpfhuka.
Loko ti fambisiwa hi xikepe, swina nkoka leswaku matitimelelo ya laha tinga kona aya fanelanga kuva ya hundza eka 0℃. Vutomi byo leha bya ti cherries endzhaku ka ntshovelo byi lehe kufika eka 21 wa masiku kusukela loko ti khiwile kuya fika loko tiya tirhisiwa hi vaxavi.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni