Ukukhulisa iitsheri eziswiti, Prunus avium, kunemiceli mngeni ethile. Lemiceli mngeni ayipheleli kuphela kwixabiso eliphezulu lokuqala igadi elingama, R250 000 - R300 000/ha ngonyaka ka 2018, kodwa enye yengxaki ziquka isivuno esingathanga gqolo kwaye nengxaki yemeko zomhlaba nesimo sezuku.
Iitsheri sisivuno esimana ukuvelisa kakhulu komnye unyaka ze siphinde zivelise kancinci kolandelayo. Ezinye izivuno eziloluhlobo yiminquma, ama-orenji, ama-apile kunye namandongomane.
Ukulima iiTsheri
Imithi yetsheri ikhuliswa kwindawo ezithile eMzantsi Afrika. Zithatha isimo sezulu sasebusika esibandayo kwaye azithandi isimo sezulu sehlobo esitshisayo, esinomoya okanye ikhephu. Ngaphezulu koko, imithi yetsheri ayidibani nesitshabalalisi ngcambu iroot phytophthora kunye ne bollworm. Iintaka ziyazithanda itsheri kwaye zingatya ama 10% wesivuno. Ukukhulisa iitsheri phantsi kwe nethi siso isisombululo sale ngxaki. Ilanga elininzi ngexesha lase busika lingenza izityalo zitshiswe lilanga oko konyuse amathuba we bacterial canker. Ukuthintela ilanga emveni kwemini kungcono ukwenza umthunzi okanye 50% yenethi yomthunzi kucetyiswa nokuba kukusetyenziswa kwayo. Iitsheri ziyathanda ukubola iingcambu kwaye zithanda imihlaba engaxinenanga engenamanzi amileyo one pH engu 6. Ngokwe ngcaphephe yezemihlaba uNelius Kapp, iitsheri kuba zizi ziqhamo eziwisa amagqabi rhoqo ngonyaka, zingadinga umoya we nitrogen, potassium, kunye ne phosphorus. Okunye okubalulekileyo yi boron, zinc, ne manganese. Umhlaba kunye nokuhlolwa kwamagqabi kuzakubonisa ezona zidingo zomhlaba.
Ngemvula zexesha lase busika eMzantsi Afrika, iitsheri zidinga unkcenkceshelo ukuze zikhule ngcono kunye nokufumana umgangatho weziqhamo olungileyo, kodwa ke azidingi manzi maninzi, kwaye zidinga malunga nama 50% ngaphantsi ngokwe hektare kunama-apile umzekelo. Unkcenkceshelo nge driphu efakwe izinongo zomhlaba kunkcenkceshelo yeyona ikhethwayo kune mibhobho yokunkcenkceshela kuba ingandisa isifo istem cankers.
Imithi ye tsheri ingathengwa kwindawo ezithengisa imithi; khetha imithi etyalwe kwingcambu ezilungileyo ezifana ne Gisela 5 okanye Malaheb emelana nobusika. Ukongeza, ubuninzi, iingcambu zohlobo imaxima zizo ezisetyenziswayo.
Iitsheri eziswiti zidinga ukuxutywa nezinye izityalo, kufuneka uxube iintlobo ezahlukileyo xa uzithenga. Tyala iintlobo ezahlukileyo ukusuka kumthi wesibini ukuya kowesihlanu. Itsheri ezimuncu ziyazingcolisa. Kulimo lwetsheri ezithengiswayo, malunga nefusi lenyosi alithoba ukuya kwishumi elinesibini/ha ziyasetyenziswa kungcoliseko lwetsheri.
Imveliso yeziqhamo iqalisa emveni kweminyaka emithathu, ze imveliso epheleleyo ifumaneke emveni kweminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwesixhenxe.
Ukuvuna iiTsheri
Iitsheri ziziqhamo azinga xhomekekanga kwisimo sezulu kakhulu- oku kuthetha okokuba zikhiwa sele zivuthiwe kwaye aziphindi zivuthwe emveni kokuba zivuniwe.
Iitsheri sisivuno esinexesha elifutshane kakhulu lokuvuna. Isivuno setsheri eMzantsi Afrika siqala ngeveki yama 41 - ukuya kweyesibini kwinyanga ka October, liphele kwiveki ezingama 51 ukuya ekupheleni kuka December, kodwa iintlobo ezithile kunye nokuvuna emveni kwexesha kwezinye iindawo kuyalitsala ixesha lazo ukuya esiphakathini senyanga ka January.
Ukukha itsheri ngumsebenzi omkhulu kuba ikhiwa ngesandla kwaye isikhondo sishiyeke sisamile. Igadi ivunwa amatyeli amarhandathu ngexesha lovuno. Iitsheri ezivuniweyo kufuneka zipholiswe ku 0.5℃ ngoku khawuleza; oku kwenziwa ngoku sebenzisa ihydro-cooler.
Ezona meko zilungileyo zokugcina itsheri zentengiso ngu 0.5℃ nokufuma okungama 95%. Ngenxa yokuba itsheri ziyakhawuleza ukonakala, isikhuma esithambileyo, isikhumba esibhityileyo, ukukhawuleza ukuvuthwa, uninzi lwetsheri zeli loMzantsi Afrika zihanjiswa ngenqwelo moya. Xa zihanjiswe ngolwandle kubalulekile ubushushu bempuphu bungadluli ku 0℃. Elona xesha lide itsheri ezingathi zingonakali ngalo zintsuku ezingama 21 ukususela ekuvunweni ukuya kumthengi.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie