Ukutshisa ukutya (smoked foods) yindlela yakudala; enye yendlela zokuqala zokupheka nokugcina ukutya kuhlale ixesha elide, ukutya okufana nenyama nentlanzi.
Iindlela zale mihla zokutshisa ukutya ziquka ukuthambisa inyama phambi kokuyitshisa, ukusetyenziswa kwentlobo ezahlukileyo zenkuni ukuze kufumaneke incasa ezingafaniyo, ukutshisa ukutya okufana ne sonka samasi (cheese) nemifuno nokwenziwa komsi/mlilo ngamanzi.
Kutshiswa njani Ukutya
Ukutshisa okushushu kokutya (hot smoking) kwenziwa phezu komlilo apho kusetyenizswa intsasa zenkuni okanye impuphu yeplanga. Kungasetyenziswa nendlela yokubasa engamanzi.
Ukutshisa kwenza incasa ekutyeni kwaye kunentwana eyenza ukutya kuhlale ixesha elide kuba yenza kome ngaphandle. Ukuthintela ukomiswa okwenziwa ngumlilo, ukutya kuyahanjiswa okanye kufakwe kwi savoury brine phambi kokuba kutshiswe. Ukongeza ekutshiseni nenzuzo yako kungongezwa ityuwa kwimveliso.
Ukutshisa okushushu kwenziwa emlilweni apho ubushushu bongeziweyo ukuze imveliso iphekiseke. Ukuqokelela iinkuni okanye impuphu yenkuni, zifakwe emlilweni, zenza ukutshisa okunikeza ukutya incasa. Ukutshisa ukutya kumlilo oshushu yindlela yokupheka ukutya ephucukileyo eyenza inyama itshe, kodwa iphekeke.
Imiyalelo embalwa kufuneka ilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya:
Kukutya okungakhenkceziswa okunokuthi kutshiswe. Ungatshisi inyama esenomkhenkce, kuba oku kungenza ubushushu ngaphakathi bungafikeleli kumazinga obushushu aphezulu ukuze kutshabalaliswe iintsholongwane ezinobungozi.
Rhoqo faka ibrine okanye uthambise ukutya kwisikhenkcezisi.
Sebenzisa izixhobo zokujonga ubushushu (thermometers) ukujonga amazinga obushushu nangaphakathi kwenyama.
Inyama yenkomo ne hagu kufuneka ubushushu bangaphakathi bufikelele ku 62°C, intlanzi etshisiweyo eshushu kufuneka ifikelele ku 66°C inkukhu iphekiweyo ku 74°C.
Ukutshisa kugcina ngomlinganiselo othile kwaye ukutya okutshisiweyo kufuneka kukhathalelwe kugcinwe njengayo nayiphi imveliso.
Pholisa ngoku khawuleza emveni kokutshisa - inyama enkulu kungadingeka isikwe ibencinci - gcina imveliso ezitshisiweyo kwisikhenkcezisi ukuyokuma kwintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine.
Intlanzi etshisiweyo ikhenkceziswa phakathi ko 2-5°C.
Iinkuni Zokutshisa
Uhlobo lwenkuni ezisetyenziselwa ukutshisa ukutya zichaza amandla nencasa yohlobo lokutshiswa. Iinkuni ezisuka kwimithi yeziqhamo-amapere, apile, pesika, okanye umthi we tsheri zinikeza incasa eswiti kwaye kuxhaphakile ukuzisebenzisa ngenyama yenkukhu nentlanzi.
Inyama ezifana nehagu nenyama yasendle zivelisa incasa emnandi xa zibekwe emlilweni zadityaniswa ne hickory, maple, pecan nenkuni ze oak. Maxa wambi izityalo ezifana ne rosemary okanye ibholani ziyongezwa ukunikeza incasa yezityalo (herbal).
Thenga iinkuni kumthengisi othenjiweyo.
Ungaze usebenzise iinkuni ezifakwe izinto okanye ezine peyinti okanye ezemithi efana ne pine, cypress okanye cedar. Imithi enetyhefu iquka tamboti okanye oleander. Inkuni ezisuka kwigadi yesiqhamo zinganazo iikhemikhali.
Ukutshisa Okubandandayo
Ukutshisa kokutya okubandayo (cold smoking) kuquka ukutshisa imveliso ngaphandle ngokuyipheka. Imveliso ifakwa kwi brine phambi kokutshiswa kuba ibrine yenza igcineke ngcono kumlilo onobushushu obuphantsi.
Ukutshisa kokutya okubandayo yindlela ethabatha ixesha (phakathi kwe 6-24 we yure kwintlanzi) nobushushu obukuma 30°C.
Ukutshisa okubandayo kulungele isonka samasi kodwa iyasetyenziswa kwintlanzi okanye ukunikeza incasa etshisiweyo kuma ndongomane, garlic, olive oil, amaqanda, tofu kunye nemifuno.
Ukutshisa Ngamanzi
Ukutshisa ngamanzi kwenziwa ngamanzi ambala ubomvu ukuya kutyheli eyenziwa ngomsi wenkuni. Ukutya kunganxuzwa kumxube okanye uthanjiswe kwi brine enamanzi ashushu. Ingongeza kwimveliso zesonka samasi zokunxuza, oli ne sosi. Ingasetyenziswa kwi cocktails nakwi dizethi apho incasa idibana kakuhle ne caramel ne tshokholethi emnyama.
Okulungileyo ngomlilo wamanzi yincasa engalawuleka kwaye incasa ivela kwangoko.
Imveliso Zokutya Ezitshisiweyo
Iimveliso zokutya ezitshisisweyo (smoked food products) ezixhaphakileyo ziquka inyama, inyama yembambo, inyama yenkomo, bacon, pastrami, Kassler, gammon, ne ham ezifana neEisbein, ne Black Forest ham.
Imizekelo yonqiyoyo abatshisiweyo yi bockwurst, chorizo, cabanossi, salami, Vienna sausage ngexesha intlanzi etshisiweyo efana ne smoked trout, salmon, cod, herring, eel, haddock, catfish ne sardines zixhaphakile.
Okunye ukutya okutshisiweyo okufana nesonka samasi, amandongomane, ezincasa etshisiweyo ene oli nemifuno egriliweyo njengombona okwisi khwebu, namazambane, nazo ziye zifumana udumo.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie