Ukuphazamiseka okwenziwa luluntu okanye izilwanyana zingalwenza uxinzeleleko oko kukhokhele ekukhuleni okuchothayo, uyacacisa uHenk Stander oyinqununu yomphathi kwicandelo le Aquaculture: Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University.
Ukukhula kwentlanzi kungalinganiswa ngokuthi kuvavanywe ezithile njenge sampula. Ukuvavanya isampula kukususa intlanzi kwidama (okanye itanki) ukuhlola ukukhula kwazo kunye nemeko yazo yezempilo.
Emveni kokuhlola, iintlanzi zibuyiselwa edamini lamanzi. Ukuvavanya isampula ngendlela yokujonga ukukhula lithuba elihle lokuhlola imeko yentlanzi ngokupheleleyo. Uzakukwazi ukujonga amanxeba, amabala, ukutshintsha kumbala, ukusika impiko, okanye ukungaboni.
Ungothuki. Okokuqala, jonga ubuzaza boko kungaqhelekanga emveni koko uqhagamishelane nabo baluncedo baqashiweyo ze bakuncede. Chaza zonke ezimeko ukuze ufumane uncedo ngoku khawuleza.
Indlela yokwenza uvavanyo ukujonga ukukhula iyachazwa ngezantsi.
Yintoni Efunekayo Ukulinganisa Ukukhula Kwintlanzi?
Incwadi yokubhalaIsikali (0 - 100 kg)
Iiplastiki ezimnyama zenkunkuma (50 - 80 yeelitha)
Iminatha yokhuseleko lwentlanzi ukuze zingabaleki
Umnatha wokuzikha
Uncedo lwabancedisi nokuba babini
Kulinganiswa Njani Ukukhula?
Musa ukuzinika ukutya iintlanzi (zivimbe) ithuba elingange yure ezingama 24 phambi kokuba uzenze isampula yokuvavanywa.Sampula ikheyiji enye ngexesha. Ziqhube iintlanzi zonke ngokuthi umnatha umane uwenza ubesezantsi kubunzulu ubungu 1 - 2 m.
Emveni koko, yohlula ikheyiji ngokuthi uhambise intambo ngaphantsi kwe kheyiji esiphakathini ukuze uninzi lwentlanzi luvaleleke ecaleni, elo kuzakuthi kusampulwe kulo. Musa ukujula ukutya ngenjongo yokutsala iintlanzi. Oku kuza kwenza amanani akho ingabingawo awokwenene kuba zintlanzi ezinkulu kwaye ezinamandla ezizakuthi zileqe ukutya kuqala.
Beka isikali kunye ne dramsi (drum) kumnatha wokhuseleko ukuze intlanzi zingatsibeli ngaphandle okanye kuwe idramsi liwele edamini. Gcwalisa idramsi ngamanzi ze ubeke esikalini. Beka isikali kwiqanda (0).
Yikha iintlanzi uzifake kwi dramsi kubunzima bama 10kg kwintlanzi ezibubunzima obungama 150 – 500 g ngaye kunye ne 20 kg kwintlanzi ezibubunzima obungama 500 - 1000 g.
Shicilela ubunzima bentlanzi kwitheyibhile (table) yokubhalela (bona umboniso we theyibhile 1).
Khulula intlanzi uzifake kwi kheyiji okanye kwitanki ngokuthi uzibale ungangxamanga. Abo babambe idramsi, mababale ze baqinisekise amanani koko. Xa amanani angafani, musa ukuyihoya isampula, Phinda ubale.
Kubalulekile ububhala ubunzima bentlanzi kakuhle ze ubale kakuhle ukuze ufumane obona bunzima bububo. Phinda ulandele indlela yoku sampula namanye amakheyiji okanye amatanki de kuqikelelwe u 5% yeentlanzi ezikhoyo zisampuliwe.
Phatha intlanzi ngobunono nenkathalo. Intlanzi ziba phantsi koxinzelelo ngomzuzwana ziphumile emanzini. Khawuleza ugqibe umsebenzi woku sampulisha kwangethuba ze uhlise iminatha iyokufikelela kumazantsi aqhelekileyo kwintlanzi ukuze zikwazi ukudada ngoku khululekileyo kwiminatha.
Ukubala Umyinge Wobunzima Bentlanzi kunye ne Biomass Epheleleyo
I-Biomass epheleleyo bubunzima obupheleleyo bentlanzi zonke kwikheyiji okanye itanki. Bala umyinge wobunzima kwikheyiji yeentlanzi ngokwenza okulandelayo:Dibanisa ubunzima beesampula zonke ukuze ufumane ubunzima obupheleyo. Emveni koko, hlula inani lobunzima bonke ngenani lentlanzi zonke ezithe zabalwa.
Ngokwe theyibhule engasentla, umyinge wobunzima bentlanzi ngama 483 g = 50.73 kg 105 kg. (50.73 kg = 50 730 g).
Bala ibiomass epheleleyo ngokuthi uphinda-phinde umyinge wobunzima bentlanzi ngenani lentlanzi elikwi kheyiji. Umzekelo: 483 g x 3 390 yentlanzi kwi kheyiji = 1 637 kg (0.483 kg x 3 390 = 1 637 kg).
Bala I'Feed Conversion Ratio'
I-‘feed conversion ratio’ (FCR) linani leeyunithi zokutya elisetyenziswa sisilwanyana ukuvelisa iyunithi enye yemveliso umzekelo, ikg zokutya ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuvelisa i-kg yenyama. I-FCR yindlela ebalulekile yokujonga okokuba isilwanyana siqhuba njani ngengeniso yezezimali. Ukubala iFCR kunceda umfama wentlanzi agwebe okokuba indlela atyisa ngayo iintlanzi zakhe nokuba ingaba ziyatyeba na.Hlola iifeed conversion rations rhoqo ngenyanga. Bala I-FCR ngokuthi wohlule ubunzima obuthe bongezeleka kwintlanzi ibiomass ukususela kwisampula yokugqibela ethatyathiweyo nokutya okutyiweyo ngelothuba. Umzekelo, xa ubunzima bokugqibela besampula bebuthatyathwe ngomhla we 31 March kwaye ubunzima bakutsha njesampula bungomhla we 30 April, ixesha lokutyisa ibizintsuku ezingama 29 kwaye ngama 350 okutya okusetyenzisiweyo.
Ukutyeba:
I-Biomass ngomhla ka 31 March ibingu 1 330 kg iphinde ngomhla ka 30 April yangama 1 637 kg, yiyo lonto ukutyeba ibingama 307 kg (1 637 kg – 1 330 kg = 307 kg) jonga itheyibula ngasentla.
FCR:
Ukubala iFCR, hlula ubunzima bokutya ngokunzima bokutyeba okuthe kongezeleka.
350 kg yokutya ÷ 307 kg yentlanzi = 1.14
Kuthetha okokuba 1,14 kg yokutya ibidingeka ukuvelisa 1 kg yobunzima bentlanzi.
Yiyo lonto FCR ingu 1:1.14
I-FCR ingohluka kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe ntanzi, uhlobo lokutya, umgangatho wamanzi, nokufumaneka kokutya okunga ngxengwanga. Kwakhona, iFCR ingcono kwintlanzi ezincinci kunentlanzi ezinkulu zohlobo olunye kwindawo enye.
Khumbula: xa i-FCR isezantsi, kubangcono ukutya okusetyenziswayo yintlanzi yakho.
Umzekelo, i-FCR ka 1:1.2 ilungile kwaye ze iFCR ka 1:2.5 ayiphucukanga.
Qathanisa iziphumo nokukhula okuqikelelwayo ngokwendlela yokutyisa. Phanda, ulungise ulawulo xa ukukhula kungapha ko 5% ezantsi kunoku khula okulindelekileyo.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie