Nkavanyeto lowu endliwaka hi vanhu kumbe swiharhi nawona wunga vanga ntshikelelo leswinga endlaka leswaku tihlampfi tinga kuli kahle, kuhlamusela Henk Stander mininjhere nkulu wa vuthekiniki e Aquaculture: Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University.
Makulelo yanga pimiwa hiku endla swikambelo. Swikambelo leswi swi endliwa hiku susiwa ka tihlampfi e dan’wini (or tank) ku langutisisa makulelo na xiyimo xa rihanyo. Endzhaku ka ku lavisisiwa ka sweswo, tihlampfi tinga tlheriseriwa e matini.
Swikambelo leswi swo kombisa makulelo ya tona hi wona nkarhi waku langutisisa na xiyimo hinkwaxo xa tihlampfi. Uta kota ku vona loko kuri na swilondza, swicoticoti, ku cinca ka muhlovo, ku tsemeka ka ti fins kumbe ku fa matihlo. Unga hatlisi ku teka goza.
Xosungula, langutisisa leswaku leswinga hoxeka swile ka xiyimo xihi kutani u tihlanganisa na vatirhi va nseketelo eka swa vuthekiniki leswaku vata pfuna. Vika xin’wana xa swiyimo leswi leswaku kutava na mpfuneto wa xihatla.
Maendlelo yo endla swikambelo swa nkarhi wihi na wihi ku pima makulelo ya kombetiwa hi ndlela leyi laha hansi.
Leswi Lavekaka ku Pima Makulelo?
XotsalelaXikalu (0 - 100 kg)
Swochela thyaka swantima (50 - 80 litres)
Ti fish net kusivela leswaku tinga nyengi
Scoop net
Mpfuneto wa vanhu vambirhi
Ndlela yo Pima Makulelo?
Tidlayise ndlala (do not feed) kuringana 24 wa ti awara loko ungase kambela. Kambe eka khele rin’we hi nkarhi. Fambisa tihlampfi kun’we hikuva u endla leswaku khele ra tona riva rintsongo hi vuenti bya 1 - 2 m.Hambanisa khele leri hikuva u koka ntambhu leyingale hansi ka rona leswaku tihlampfi totala titava tiphasiwile eka tlhelo leri swikambelo swifaneleke ku endliwa kona. Unga cheli swakudya kuringeta kulava kuti koka rinoko. Leswi switaku nyika vuxokoxoko lebyingariki na ntiyiso hikuva kutata ntsena tihlampfi letikulu totiya kuta kuma swakudya kusungula.
Vekela xikalu na diromu eka net ya vuhlayiseki kusivela leswaku tihlampfi tinga tluli ti huma endzeni ka net kumbe diromu tiwela ematini. Chela diromu hi mati kutani uri veka e xikalwini. Sungurisa xikalu ehansi. Kukuta tihlampfi tinghena eka diromu eka ntiko wa 10 kg eka tihlampfi letitikaka 150 - 500 g ha yin’we na 20 kg ya tihlampfi leti tikaka 500 - 1000 g.
Tsala ntiko wa tihlampfi ehansi.
Tshika tihlampfi titlhelela e kheleni/thangi hikuva u tihlayela hiku nonoka. Pfumelela vapfuneti va wena kuva vahlayela navona leswaku mita tiyisisa nhlayo ekuheteleleni. Loko tinhlayo tinga fambelani, tsan’wa swikambelo leswi kutani u sungula nakambe ehansi.
Swina nkoka ku kandziyisa ntiko wa hlampfi kuya hileswi wunga xiswona kutani kukumeka ntiko wa ntiyiso wale xikarhi. Endla nakambe maendlelo lawa yo kambela eka mathangi lawa yan’wana kuya fikelela eka 5% wa nhlayo ya tihlampfi hinkwato letivaka ti kamberiwile.
Tshama ukarhi u khoma tihlampfi hi vukheta na nhlayiso. Tihlampfi tiva na ntshikelelo hiku hatlisa loko tihume endzeni ka mati. Hetisisa nkambelo hi xihatla kutani u tlherisela ti net endzeni ka mati leswaku tihlampfi titaya hlambela ti tshunxekile.
Ku Hlayeriwa ka Ntiko wa Hlampfi Xikan’we na ntiko Hinkwawo
Ntiko/total biomass i ntiko lowu heleleke wa tihlampfi hinkwato eka khele kumbe thangi.Hlayelo ntiko wale xikarhi wa khele ra tihlampfi hiku endla leswi landzelaka:
Hlanganisa mintiko hinkwayo ya swikambelo kukuma ntiko hinkwawo. Kutani, u avanyisa ntiko hinkwawo hi nhlayo ya tihlampfi leti hlayiweke.
Kuya hi leswinga laha henhla, ntiko wale xikarhi wa hlamfpi i 483 g = 50.73 kg ÷ 105.
(50.73 kg = 50 730 g).
Hlaya ntiko/total biomass hiku multiply ntiko wale xikarhi wa hlampfi hi nhlayo yatihlampfi letinga e thangini. Xikombiso: 483 g x 3 390 tihlampfi e thangini = 1 637 kg (0,483 kg x 3 390 = 1 637 kg).
Ku Hlayelela Feed Conversion Ratio
Se ‘feed conversion ratio’ (FCR) i nhlayo ya swakudya leswi xiharhi xiswitirhisaka kuhumelerisa xitirhisiwa xokarhi e.g. ti kg ta swakudya leswi tirhisiwaka ku humelerisa 1 kg ya nyama. FCR yina nkoka swinene ku pima ku avanyisa ka matirhelo ya ikhonomi ya xiharhi. Ku hlaya FCR swita pfuneta mufuwi wa tihlampfi kutiva nongonoko wa maphamelelo ya yena xikan’we naku vona leswaku tihlampfi ta nona.Hlaya feed conversion ratios nhweti yin’wana na yin’wana. Hlayelela FCR hiku avanyisa ku nona ka hlampfi/ biomass kusukela loko yitava yikamberiwile rohetelela hi swakudya leswi dyiweke eka nkarhi walowo. Xikombiso, Loko kuriku xikambelo xa ntiko wohetelela axiri eka 31 March naswona ntiko lowu wahaku kamberiwaka awuri eka 30 April, nkarhi wophamela akuri 29 wa masiku xikan’we na 350 kg wa swakudya leswinga tirhisiwa.
Ku nona:
Biomass hiti 31 March ayiri eka 1 330 kg kutani hiti 30 April ayiri eka 1 637 kg, leswivulaka leswaku ku nona swive 307 kg (1 637 kg - 1 330 kg = 307 kg) Vona laha henhla.
FCR:
Ku hlayelela FCR, laha ku avanyisiweke ku nona.
350 kg swakudya ÷ 307 kg wa tihlampfi = 1,14
Swivula leswaku 1,14 kg wa swakudya swalaveka kuhumelerisa 1 kg ya ntiko wa hlampfi.
Leswinge FCR i 1:1,14
FCR yinga hambana naswona swiya hi tinxaka ta tihlampfi, muxaka wa swakudya, khwalithi ya mati xikan’we na kukumeka ka swakudya swa ntumbuluko. Nakona, FCR yi antswa swinene eka tihlampfi letintsongo ta muxaka walowo eka ndzhawu yin’we.
Tsundzuka: loko FCR yiri ehansi, ku tirhisiwa swakudya swoantswa hi tihlampfi ta wena.
Xikombiso, FCR ya 1:1,2 yikahle naswona FCR ya 1:2,5 ayi kahle.
Pimanyisa mbuyelo na kukula loku ehleketeleriweke kuya hi nongonoko wa swakudya. Lavisisa kutani u tekelela vulawuri loko kukula ka ntolovelo kuri e henhla ka 5% ehansi ka leswi languteriweke leswaku yita kurisa xiswona.Translated by Ike Ngobeni