Iibhokwe zitya izinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye apho kukho amahlahla kunye nemithi eyilungeleyo zizakutya. Ngenxa yesizathu, kwiindawo ezininzi ehlabathini, kutyalwa imithi emifutshanana, efana ne Leucaena leucocephala. Kwiizwe loMzantsi Afrika lomthi waziwa njenge, white popinac, reusewattel okanye istuipboom (Afrikaans) kunye ne bobo (Xhosa); ulusina (isiZulu). Lomthi ubonwa njengendidi egqiba amanzi kwaye uvamise ukufumaneka ecaleni kwemifula.
Iibhokwe zobisi zohlukile kunezinye iindidi zebhokwe kwaye azinakho ukuzala xa zisitya ingca okanye amagqabi azikhuleleyo phaa emadlelweni. Eyona njongo yokondla iibhokwe zobisi kufanele ibekukunika ibhokwe zonke izinongo nezondlo ezidingekayo, ngemilinganiselo efanelekileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ukutya kufuneka kubemnandi ukuze iibhokwe zitye nokwaneleyo. Oku kutya kufuneka kubenezinongo ezibalulekileyo- Amandla, proteni, minerali, vithamin kunye namanzi.
Iibhokwe zobisi kufuneka zivelise ubisi ngokwaneleyo kwaye kufuneka zondliwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuhamba-hamba, ukukhula, ukumitha okanye ukuvelisa ubisi kuthetha ukuba zizakubanemfuno ezongezelelekileyo ezodlula ezemizimba yazo eqhelekileyo. Iimfuno zezinongo zeebhokwe zobisi ziyohluka xa zimithi naxa sele zizele. Ukuze zilawuleke ngendlela eyiyo, kufuneka umhlambi wohlulwe ngokwamaqela emveliso.
Iibhokwe Ezingehlisioyo
Ibhokwe engehlisiyo (engenabisi) ayidingi kutya kusemgangathweni kangako, ngaphandle kokuba inqinile okanye ikwinyanga yokugqibela phambi kokuzala. Iimazi ezityebayo xa zikhwelwa zinamathuba amaninzi okuzala amawele kunezo zingatyebiyo okanye zibhityayo xa zikhwelwa.Izidingo Zesondlo seBhokwe Emithiyo
Kwiiveki ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuzala, ibhokwe kufuneka iphumle kwaye neengono kufuneka zilungele ukuvelisa ubisi. Malunga nama 70% wamatakane ebhokwe akhulisisa kwiiveki ezi 6 ngaphambi kokuba abengamatakane agqibeleleyo.Yondla ibhokwe ngokutya okunamandla oneleyo kwinyanga yokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba izale. Eli xesha lelona amatakane asesiswini asebenzisa imetabolism yonina kakhulu. Ukuba akukho mandla oneleyo ekutyeni kweebhokwe ngeli xesha, kuzakusebenziseka amanqatha abekelwe bucala ngumzimba. Kodwa ukuba itakane lidinga amandla amaninzi, isibindi sisenokungakwazi ukumelana noluxinzelelo, kwaye ibhokwe isenokubulawa sisigulo esaziwe njenge ketosis (“pregnancy toxaemia”). Ubunzima obulungileyo bebhokwe emithiyo kufuneka bubephakathi kwe 2.5 ukuya kwi 3. Xa ibhokwe imithi amawele, ukutya ekutyiswayo kuzakunqamlelwa. Isidlo esisemgangathweni ophezulu nesinencasa siyadingeka ngeli xesha.
Iimfuno Zesondlo seBhokwe Encancisayo
Iibhokwe ezincancisayo zizakudinga iconcentrate ene proteni ebalelwa kwi 15 - 17% kunye nezinongo ezicolekayo esiswini ezibizwa nge total digestible nutrients (TDN) zale concentrate ezimalunga nama 65 - 75%. Ukuba iibhokwe zityiswa konke oku, ingca yohlobo lwe hay kunye ne straw kufuneka ihlale ikhona ngamaxesha onke.
Iibhokwe ezincancisayo kufuneka zondliwe ngokutya okuse mgangathweni ukuze kwehliswe umlinganiselo wokutya okudingekayo okunexabiso eliphezulukangangoko. Ukutya okuyingca kufuneka kubengama 40% ukuya kuma 60%. Oku kutya kufuneka kutyiswe iibhokwe ezincancisayo. Oku kutya komileyo kubizwe nge dry matter intake (DMI).
Umzekelo, ibhokwe eyehlisa kakhulu ekwazi ukwehlisa ubisi oluzi litha ezi 4 ngosuku ingadinga ukutya okomileyo (DM) okuyi 3kg. I 1.2kg yokukutya (40%) ingabayingca yohlobo lwe lucerne hay, ze i-1.8kg ibeyintlobo ethile yokutya okulibisi. Xa ziibene ke lucerne kunye ne hay zizakubaalunge ne 90% yokutya okomileyo.Esi sibalo ke sima ngolu hlobo: lucerne hay: 1.2 x 100 = 1.3 kg kunye nesidlo sobisi: 1.8 x 100 = 2.0 kg.
Ukuba engca yohlobo lwe lucerne ayomanga ncam, ukutya okomileyo kohlobo lwe lucerne lungaba ngama 24%. Xa kunjalo ke isibalo se lucerne onokutyisa ngazo iibhokwe (ukuze ufumane isibalo esifanayo nese DMI) singema ngolu hlobo: 1.2 x 100 = 5 kg.
Nceda Uqaphele: Injongo yale nkcukacha kukufundisa nokunika ulwazi kuphela. Kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa njenge ngcebiso yokutya okanye yesondlo. Ukuba ufuna iinkukacha ezithe vetshe mayelana nokondla izilwanyana zakho qhagamshelana nengcali yezilwanyana, ugqirha wezilwanyana okanye umthengisi wokutya kwezilwanyana.Translated by Zizipho Silwana