Ku Phamela Timbuti Ta Masi

© Krish Dulal
Timbuti ti kahle swinene eka ku hlawula swakudya swa tona xikan’we na laha kungana swihlahla na misinya leyi titsakelaka ku dya yona. Hikokwalaho ka leswi, eka swiphemu swotala swa misava, misinya leyi dyiwaka ya byariwa, kufana na Leucaena leucocephala lowu laha Afrika Dzonga wu vuriwaka lead tree, white popinac, reusewattel kumbe stuipboom (Afrikaans) na ubobo; ulusina (isiZulu). Nsinya lowu wutekiwa tani hilowu wungo timilela laha Afrika Dzonga naswona wutala ku kumeka etlhelo ka milambu.
Timbuti ta masi tihambanile swinene na tinxaka letin’wani naswona tingaka tinga tisi mbuyelo lowu lavekaka loko kuriku titadya eka madyelo yantumbuluko ntsena kufana na nhova. Xikongomelo nkulu xaku phamela timbuti ta masi kufanele kuva kuphamela leswi lavekaka hi nhlayo leyi lavekaka kambe swinga durhi. Swakudya swifanele kutlhela swi nantsweka kumbe ku xawula kahle kuva swifikelela ku dyiwa naswona swifanele kuva na swakudya swankoka swotani hileswi nyikaka matimba, protein, minerals, vitamins na mati.
Timbuti ta masi tifanele ku humesa masi kahle naswona tifanele ku phameriwa kuringanela leswaku tita kota ku humesa mbuyelo lowu tikotaka wona. Migingiriko yin’wana yo engetelela, kufana na ku famba, kukurisa, ku biha emirini kumbe kuhumesa masi swivula leswaku yitava ba swilaveko swo engetelela eka xiyimo xa ntolovelo xa nhlayiso wa miri wa tona. Swilaveko swa swakudya swa timbuti ta masi swahambana loko taha bihe emirini kutani kusukela kwalano loko titswarile swa fana. Ku endla vulawuri bya kahle, ava mitlhambi ya timbuti hi mintlawa ya vuhumelerisi.

Timbuti Letinga Humesiki Masi

Timbuti letinga humesiki masi tingava tinga lavi swakudya swa khwalithi ya kahle swinene handle kaloko ti larile kumbe tiri eka nhweti yohetelela ya kubiha e mirini. Timbuti ta xisati leti nyuhelaka hinkarhi wa masangu tinga kota ku humbesa swimbutani swimbirhi kutlula leti miri wunga cinceku kumbe leti ondzaka hi nkarhi lowu.

Swilaveko Swa Swakudya Eka Mbuti Leyinga Biha Emirini

Eka mavhiki ya ntseu loko yingase tswala, mavele ya mbuti ya xisati ya lava kuwisa naswona ti tissue ta masi tilava ku pfuxeleleka. Kwalomu ka 70% wa kukula ka ximbutani swihumelela eka ntsevu wa mavhiki yakuya eku tswaleni. Phamela swakudya leswi yinyikaka matimba swinene eka nhweti yohetelela yaku biha emirini loko nwana loyi angale ndzeni arikarhi a lava swakudya swotala kusuka eka mana wa kona. Loko kungari na matimba yotala eka swakudya hinkarhi walowo, swivula leswaku laha kunga hlayisiwa mafurha hikona kungata tirha swinene.
Loko kulaveka ka matimba kuri e henhla swinene, xivindzi xinga tsandzeka ku kondzelela, naswona mbuti yinga fa kusuka eka xiyimo lexi tivekaka tani hi ketosis (“pregnancy toxaemia”). Xiyimo lexi lavekaka xa miri wa mbuti leyinga biha e mirini xifanele xiva eka 2.5 kuya eka 3. Loko mbuti yi bihe emirini laha yilangutelaka swimbutani swimbirhi, yita phameriwa nhlayo yokarhi ya swakudya leswi yinga dyaka swona. Swakudya swa khwalithi yale henhla leswi xawulaka swalaveka swinene hinkarhi lowu.

Swilaveko Swa Swakudya Swa Mbuti Leyi Humesaka Masi

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Eka 3 litres yin’wana na yin’wana ya masi leyi humelerisiwaka, mbuti leyi humesaka masi yilava kwalomu ka 1.5 kg wa swakudya swa khwalithi swa hay xikan’we na 500 g ya hay ya nhlayiso, xikan’we na 1 kg yati concentrate. Loko timbuti ta masi tidya emadyelweni, tifanele kuva tidya kwalomu ka 4 kuya eka 6 kg wa swakudya swa khwalithi ya kahle hi siku - 4 kg ya swakudya swa rihlaza yiringana na 1 kg ya hay. Timbuti ta masi leti humesaka masi tita lava ti concentrate letingana nhlayo yati protein letinga exikarhi ka 15 - 17% laha kungana total digestible nutrients (TDN) eka ti concentrate ta kwalomu ka 65 - 75%. Loko timbuti ta xisati tiphameriwa swakudya leswi heleleke, hay na mahlanga swifanele kuva kona himinkarhi hinkwayo.
Ti roughages ta khwalithi ya kahle tifanele ku phameriwa eka timbuti leti humesaka masi leswaku nhlayo ya swakudya swa timbuti ta masi leswi durhaka yitava yintsongo swinene. Hi xitalo, roughage yifanele kuva exikarhi ka 40% kuya eka 60% wa swakudya swa siku na siku leswi welaka eka dry matter intake (DMI) eka timbuti leti humesaka masi.
Xikombiso, mbuti leyi humesaka masi yotala kuringana 4 litres hi siku yinga dyalomu ka 3 kg ya dry matter (DM), laha 1.2 kg DM (40%) swingavaka hi xivumbeko xa lucerne hay, na 1.8kg DM hi xivumbeko xa swakudya swa masi. Hivumbirhi ka swona lucerne na swakudya swa masi switava kwalomu ka 90% DM, leswaku nhlayo leyi phameriwaka yitava: lucerne hay: 1.2 x 100 = 1.3 kg na swakudya swa masi: 1.8 x 100 = 2.0 kg
Loko lucerne yiri furexe (kungari hay), dry matter ya lucerne yingava yive 24%, laha nhlayo ya swakudya swa lucerne (kufikelela nhlayo yoringanela ya DMI eka roughage) yingatava: 1.2 x 100 = 5 kg.
Tiva leswi: Vuxokoxoko lebyi i bya ku dyondzisa naswona ibya xikongomelo xo lemukisa naswona byinga tekiwi tani hi switsundzuxo xa swakudya. Kukuma vuxokoxoko eka kuphamela swifuwo swa wena tihlanganise na mutivi wa swa rihanyo ra swifuwo, dokodela wa swifuwo kumbe muphakeri wa swakudya swa swifuwo.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni