Xivala xa Tinguluve

©Glenneis Kriel

In modern facilities, young pigs are on plastic flooring to keep them warm.

Xivala xifanele xifambelana na muxaka wa tinguluve leti ulavaka ku tifuwa. Muxaka woka wunga antswisiwanga wu kota ku hanya kahle eka ndzhawu leyi tikaka na mafuwelo yotika loko tipimanyisiwa na leti antswisiweke, leswivulaka leswaku unga kota ku endla xivala lexinga durheku kutlula xivala xa letinga antswisiwa.
Tinga kota ku hanya eka xivala lexinga endliwa hi darata kumbe makhumbi tani hi vutumbelo kumbe laha kungana lwangu na makhumbi. Tinxaka leti antswisiweke, hambiswiritano, tinga hanya kahle hambi mafuwelo ya tika swinene naswona eka ndzhawu leyi hlayisekeke leswinga endliwaka hikuva ku pfalekile nyana kumbe xivala xipfalekile hinkwaxo.

Swo Tekeriwa Enhlokweni

©Glenneis Kriel

A fenced camp with shelter.

Hambi leswi swinga tikaka kuswiendla loko u sungula hitinguluve tintsongo, swikahle ku endla naku kunguhata swivala hindlela leyi swinga kotekaka kuxi engetelela. Kutirhisiwa ka swo aka leswinga tshama switirhisiwa kun’wana swi endla leswaku ntsengo lowu tirhisiwaka wuva e hansi swinene, kambe swinga durha ngopfu loko nkarhi wuya emahlweni hikuva switalava kutshama swirikarhi swilunghisiwa laha kunga lavekaka switirhisiwa swintshwa.
Xivala xakona xifanele kutirhiseka eka mafuwelo ya tinguluve, loko swita eka kutshamiseka na vulawuri xikan’we naku basisa. Laha hansi kufanele kuva kahle leswaku na muxaka lowu woka wunga antswisiwangi wunga kota ku hanya kona, wufanele kuva wu omile xikan’we naku basiseka leswaku tinguluve tita kota ku etlela. Xo antswa kutava ku semendhela, leswi olovaka kubasisa. Semende yifanele kuva yitshamisekile leswaku kungavi na kuvaviseka ka swifuwo.
Eka swivala swa ximanguva lawa, kutirhisiwa plastiki laha hansi ku endlela leswaku swingulubyani switshama swirikarhi swikufumela naswona semende yitirha laha kungana leti kulu. Ku cheriwa na munyu laha hansi, na kwalomu ka 1% kusuka le ndzhaku kuya enyangweni wa xivala kutani ku endliwa leswaku loko kubasisiwa mati yakota ku khuluka kahle.

Walls should be high enough to prevent pigs from jumping over it.

Makhumbi yanga endliwa hiku tirhisa swin’wana na swin’wana leswikumekaka ekusuhi swofana na timhandzi, switina swa semende kumbe tinsimbhi letinga tiya kuringanela kuhlayisa tinguluve endzeni ka xivala, laha kunga plasteriwaka khumbi ra switina kumbe concrete leyi yinga ndlela yohlayiseka, kuya hi buku ya South African Pork Producers Organisation (SAPPO), Pigs for Profit.
Tiphuphu tifanele kuva kwalomu ka 1,2 meter hiku leha kumbe kutlula nyana loko kuri na letinga tlulaka entlhambini. Endzeni ka makhumbi kufanele ku rhetela kungavi na leswinga tlhavaka kumbe kuvavisa swifuwo.
Mazingi yatala kutirhisiwa lwangu, kambe yanga vanga kuhisa hi ximumu. Manual ya SAPPO wuvula leswaku vafuwi va penda mazingi kumbe kutlhandleka marhavi ya misinya kuhunguta kuhisa exivaleni. Byasi byi endla lwangu rakahle swinene lebyi endlaka leswaku kuva kuhorile hi ximumu naku kufumela hi nguva ya ximumu.
Lwangu rifanele ku endliwa ehenhla ka khumbi laha kunga tirhisiwaka timhandzi kumbe tinsimbi kambe kufanele ku sala vangwa leringata nghenisa kuvonakala, kuva moya wu hunga kahle endzeni ka xivala.
Eka maendlelo ya xivala ya ximanguva lawa ku endliwa insulation leyinga yona yi hungutaka kuhisa naku hunguta kutirhisa gezi, kutiyisisa leswaku kutshama kukufumela hi xixika kasi hi ximumu kukufumela swiva ehandle ka xivala. Switirhisiwa swotala swinga tirhisiwa ku endla insulation, laha himinkarhi yotala polystyrene yitirhisiwaka ngopfu. Kuya hi buku ya Dannie Visser, Modern Pig Production, switirhisiwa swa kahle kuva switirhisiwa swita:
Kuka swinga tisi ndzhongho.
Swinga khomi ndzilo.
Swihlayisekile eka mbango.
Swirikahle.
Ku tiya.
Swinga onheki hi ku olova hi swifuwo xikan’we na loko kurikarhi kutirhiwa.
Swinga onheki hiswilo swa ntumbuluko swofana na swifufunhunu, microbes, switsotswana, makondlo na swinyenyani.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni