Swakudya swa Tihomu ta Masi

Ku engetelela mbuyelo wa masi, kufanele ku cheriwa nkatsakanyo wo engetelela eka swakudya, ngopfu ngopfu hi nkarhi lowu tihomu tisengiwaka hi wona. Nkatsakanyo lowu wunyikiwa tihomu hi yin’we yin’we. Nhlayo leyi tihomu tinyikiwaka yona yiya hi muxaka wa homu yoleyo, mbuyelo wa masi kumbe xiteji xa lactation. Nkatsakanyo lowu wunga phameriwa hiku ringanela kumbe hi magoza yokarhi. Leswi swivula leswaku swakudya swinga phameriwa hinlayo lowu fanaka masiku hinkwawo kusuka loko kumama marhole kuya fika e makumu. Xikombiso,Holstein yita lava 9 kg hi siku kuya fika emakumu ka nkarhi walowo.
Kasi endlelo rinwana kungava ku phamela mimpimo yohambana hambana ya swakudya kuya hi switeji swohambana hambana. Xikombiso 12 kg hi siku kusukela eku tswaleni ka yona kuya eka 100 wa masiku ya masi (DIM), kutani 9 kg hi siku kusukela eka101-200 DIM kutani 6 kg hi siku kusukela eka 201 DIM kuya fika emakumu. Nhlayo leyi fanaka ya nkatsakanyo lowu yinga phameriwa tihomu hiku hambana hambana ka tona; hambiswiritano, ti protein na energy leyinga eka nkatsakanyo aswinge fani. Xikombiso, nkatsakanyo lowu nyikiwaka tihomu laha tidyelaka kona wuta engetelela energy nati minerali, loko nkatsakanyo lowu nyikiwaka tihomu wa oat hay wufaneleke wuva na ti protein letifikaka kwalomu ka 19%.
Ematshan’weni yaku tinyika khwalithi yale henhla ya furu xikanwe na nhlayo yale henhla ya nkatsakanyo lowungavaka 12 kg hi siku kusukela emasunguleni ya lactation, energy leyi kumekaka yiva yinga ringanelanga. Leswi swinga hetelela swiendla leswaku tihmou titirhisa mafurha ya tona ku endla masi naswona swinga endla leswaku ti ondza. Exikarhi ka lactation (101-200 DIM) mbuyelo wa masai na xiyimo xa miri wa tihomu swifanele ku hlayisiwa. Emakumu ka lactation, mbuyelo wa masi wa hunguteka kutani tihomu tivuyela eka matimba yantolovelo. Xiyimo xa miri wa tihomu xa antswa leswi engetelelaka ntiko wa yona. Hiku komisa swivula leswaku homu leyinga nyuhela ya durha.

Ku phamela tihomu ta masi

Tihomu ti phameriwa swakudya swo oma kuringana 50-60 wa masiku loko kunga se fika nakrhi wotswala. Nkarhi lowu wa (non-lactating) wuna nkoka swinene eka kuvuyelela eka masi nalaha ya tshamaka kona e maveleni. Tihomu leti tiphameriwa kuhambana na letinwana hikokwalaho ka swilaveko swale hansi swa swakudya. Ati fanelanga tinyuhela ngopfu hikuva swinga durhela mufuwi kambe swinga vanga swiphiqo swofana na ketosis endzhaku kotswala. Nkatsakanyo awufanelanga ku phameriwa wutele hikuva swita durhisa swakudya leswi hile tlhelo switekaka ndzhawu ya furu leyinga chipa. Nhlamulo eka kuhunguteka ka mbuyelo wa masi swiya e henhla.
Leswi swivuriwa law of diminishing returns. Xikombiso kuphamela 0 - 4 kg ya nkatsakanyo lowu swita vuyerisa masi ya 0.72 kg kuya hi kg ya nkatsakanyo lowu, kambe ku phamela 4 - 8 kg ya nkatsakanyo swita endla leswaku kuva na mbuyelo wa 0.35kg yaku tlakuka ka masi. Se, unga phameli nkatsakanyo wotala hikuva swiendla leswaku mbuyelo wa masi wu enhla.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni