Nkarhi waku cheleta madyelo xikan’we na nhlayo ya mati lawa ya lavekaka? Kumbe swingava swiri na nkoka ku cheleta? Kuya hi ndzhawu, mpfula yinga avela ndzhongho lowu ringaneleke eka swibyariwa swin’wana, kambe eka minkarhi yaku cinca ka swiyimo swa maxelo, nchelelto wufanele kutshama wurikarhi wu seketela mpfula.
Mati yotala, ehandle kakuva ya tlangisiwa nakuva ya durha, yanga fambisa swakudya swin’wana kutani ya endla leswaku misava yitala mati. Hile tlhelo, mati yantsongo yanga endla leswaku madyelo yanga kuli kahle.
Swilaveko Swa Ncheleto Eka Swibyariwa Swa Madyelo
Clover
Clover yi byariwa eka tindzhawu letinga lulamela vuhumelerisi bya ryegrass.
White na red clover yilava kwalomu ka 800 mm kumbe kutlula hi lembe. Ncheleto: 25 - 50 mm hi vhiki. Kunga kondzeleli dyandza.
Balansa clover yinga byariwa ehansi ka 350 mm ya mpfula loko Berseem clover yi lava mpfula yale xikarhi yale henhla nyana ka 600 mm, kumbe yale hansi leyi seketeriwaka hi ncheleto.
Cock’s foot
Cock’s foot yikula kahle eka maxelo yo hola lawa yangana mpfula leyingale henhla ka 900 mm. Yi khomeka kahle hi ncheleto kambe kungari kahle ngopfu kufana na swibyariwa swa madyelo.
Eragrostis tef
Ncheleto awu laveki eka tef tani hileswi yikulaka kahle ehansi ka swipimelo swo oma kumbe ehansi ka timpfula letinga ehenhla ka 400 mm.
Fescue
Fescue yitala ku byariwa eka tindzhawu leti tingana timpfula tale henhla naswona ya vuyeriwa swinene hi ncheleto himinkarhi ya tinhweti ta xixika eka tindzhawul letingana mpfula hi ximumu. Yi lulamele ku byariwa eka misava yotsakama kumbe marshy.
Foxtail buffalo grass
Yi kondzelela ngopfu dyandza,foxtail yinga mila eka swiyimo leswi mpfula yinga exikarhi ka 100mm - 1 000 mm hi lembe, kambe yingaka yinga kondzeleli misava leyi teleke mati.
E hansi ka ncheleto, forage yinga tshoveriwa kufikela eka khume hinguva exikarhi ka masiku ya 35 kuya eka 40.
Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)
Ku tlula 500 mm ya mati hi lembe ya laveka kukurisa swimilani leswi ringaneleke swa Guinea grass.
Kikuyu grass
Mpfula ya kutlula 750 mm ya laveka eka vuhumelerisi bya Kikuyu, kambe yinga kula eka tindzhawu letingana timpfula tale hansi laha kunga engeteleriwaka hi ncheleto ku seketela swilaveko swa mati.
Lucern
Yi lulamele madyelo ya tindzhawu to oma laha kungana mpfula yale hansi ka 500 mm, mbuyelo wa lucerne wa tlakuka ehansi ka swiyimo swa ncheleto.
Paspalum
Yinga cheletiwa kumbe ku byariwa ehansi swiyimo swo oma laha mpfula yinga kwalomu 650 mm.
Rhodes grass
Rhodes yi kula hintumbuluko eka tindzhawu letinga oma tale Eastern Cape kambe yinga kula naleka tindzhawu leti hisaka nyana kungana mpfula ya 400 mm - 1 000 mm.
Ryegrass (annual)
Ayi lulamelangi kuhumelerisiwa laha kunga oma. Ryegrass yifanele kubyariwa eka tindzhawu letingana timpfula tale xikarhi ta ximumu letinga ehenhla ka 1 000 mm. Ncheleto lowu hlohleteriwaka eka tinxaka ta misava totala i 25 mm eka masiku ya 4 kuya eka 5 yan’wana na yan’wana loko yi byariwe exikarhi ka January/February kutani 25 mm vhiki na vhiki kuringana nkarhi hinkwawo wakukula ka yona.
Ryegrass (perennial)
Yi lulamele vuhumelerisi eka tindzhawu letinga hola laha mpfula yi hangalakaka eka nguva naswona yihundza 1000 mm.
Smuts finger grass
Yitolovele tindzhawu to oma naswona yitsakela timpfula ta ximumu ta kutlula 500 mm. Ayi tsakeli misava leyinga tala mati.
Sorghum
Tani hi ximilani lexi kondzelelaka dyandza, sorghum yi lulamele madyelo lawa yanga oma kumbe laha mpfula yinga 400 mm kumbe kutlula.
Babala kumbe pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Naxona i ximilani lexi kondzelela dyandza, babala yi lulamerile madyelo lawa yanga oma kumbe laha tinga 400 mm kumbe kutlula. Ayi kondzeleli misava leyi tsakamaka ngopfu.
Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula)
Lovegrass yitsakela misava yovevuka xikan’we na timpfulatale henhla ka 650 mm kambe yinga hanya kahle laha kungana timpfula tale xikarhi ta 450 mm. Ncheleto wunga seketela mpfula.
Nkarhi Wo Cheleta Madyelo
Nkarhi lowu ku cheletiwaka hi wona wuya hi muxaka wa swibyariwa, vukona bya mati, mati lawa yanga emisaveni, rivilo ra evapotranspiration xikan’we na vuenti bya timintsu ta swimilani swa madyelo. Va Water Research Council (WRC) vahlohletela leswaku hi ncheleto wun’wani na wun’wani, misava yifanele ku fikisiwa eka mpimo wa nsimu endzeni ka timintsu ta swibyariwa.
Ku swiveka hiku olova, leswi swivula leswaku kufane ku cheletiwa nkarhi woleha, himinkarhi yintsongo. Minkarhi yotala, ncheleto wu endliwa se kuri khale leswi hlwerisaka kunonisiwa ka nitrogen. Hi xitalo, manyoro ya cheriwa eka madyelo ya dyiwile hi swifuwo kumbe ya tsemiwile ku endliwa hay naswona kungase cheletiwa.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni