Xikombiso xo pfumala xihlawuhlawu
Eka mfumo wa valungu wa Afrika dzonga Nelson Mandela a rivariwile. Leswi aswiritano nale ka misava hinkwayo: eka lembe rosungula ra Rivonia Trial phephahungu ra the New York Times rihumese swiviko swohlaya leswi aswiri na vito ra Mandela eka swona; Lembe leri landzelaka, rihumile kan’we, nakona leswi aswifambelana na loko kuvulavuriwa hi Winnie Mandela. U tirhile hi matimba kuva alava leswaku vito na leswi alwela swona switwakala swinene, hiku endla sweswo swi endle leswaku a zondhiwa swinene hi maphorisa.
Eka nkarhi wun’wana, xiboho xitekiwile hi varhangeri va Congress Alliance kuva vanhu hinkwavo valangutisa eka Mandela: vuswikoti byakwe abyi tekeriwa enhlokweni naswona swin’wi endle nhenha. Switeke nkarhi swinene kambe vito rakwe ritele emilonweni ya vanhu xikanwe no kombeta kulwisana na xihlawuhlawu. Leswi switikombe hiswoxe hitindlela tohlamarisa: hi muqivela nanhlekani hi ximumu ndzi chayele kuya e Central Post Office e Johannesburg kuya rhumela papila roya eka Mandela ari e khotsweni. Wanuna wa wantima akuri klerk e khawuntareni.
A karhele swinene xikan’we notshwa kambe a veke mavoko yayena ehenhla ka tafula. Ndzi n’wi nyikete papila leri, ari languta onge a sola swokarhi — kambe,ute loko a vona vito, a pfuka hi xihatla. A tshamiseka, matihlo yayena aya vangama laha andzi nyikeke vukorhokeri bya kahle.
Nkoka wa Mandela wuvoniwa
Ekusunguleni kava 1970s nava 1980s mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu wusungule ku lemuka nkoka wa Mandela tani hi murhangeri. Loko arikarhi a kula, mfumo awu chava leswaku uta fela e khotsweni leswi aswita endla leswaku misava hinkwayo yi lwa na wona mayelana na xihlawuhlawu.
Kuringetiwile ku endla matshalatshala ya kun’wihumesa hi vanhu vaku fana na xaka rakwe, Paramount Chief Kaiser Matanzima, xikanwe na Johan Coetzee wa maphorisa. Swipimelo swakona akuri leswaku Mandela u fanele ku pfumelaku famba laha tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga kuva aya tshama e Transkei, tiku leri aritiyimerile rifambisiwa hi Matanzima.
Mandela anga pfumelanga. Mandela na vabohiwa kulobye vasusiwile e Roben Island kuyisiwa endhawini yo antswa ya Pollsmoor prison. Kusukela emasunguleni ya 1985, swirho swa cabinet swisungule kun’wi vhakela exihundleni kuva na tinhlengeletano laha anga tekiwa aya vonana na President P. W. Botha.
Vanghana van’wi vhakela e Pollsmoor
Endzhaku ka malembe yotala yo tsala swikombelo ndzi pfumeleriwile kunwi vhakela kuringana 45 wa timinete. Ndzi byeriwe leswaku ndzi pfumeleriwe kunwi vona tani hi munghana kungari hi muteki wa mahungu naswona andzi fanele kutshembhisa leswaku andzi nga tsali nchumu hiswona eka phephahungu.
Sweswo aswitika swinene eka mina kambe andzi boheka ku endla leswaku vatirhi kulorhi vamina eka Rand Daily Mail vaswitwisisa. Se andzi nwitiva mulanguteri wa khotso ra Mandela, Warrant Officer James Gregory. Eka mamlembe lawa yotala, kusukela e Robben Island, nsati wa mina, Anne, namina a hi tolovele ku rhumela swakudya swa kahle swinene hi khisimusi eka Mandela.
Se, lembe rinwani, ndzi byeriwa leswaku swita fanele ku averiwa mubohiwa un’wana na un’wana loyi anga khotsweni rero. Ndzi tlakula rinqingho riya eti hofisi nkulu laha swinga tiyisisiwa tano. 'Mivula leswaku hambi ndzo rhumela swiwitsi sworingana 1kg mita phakela vabihiwa voringana 1 400?' Ndzi vutisile. 'Ina,' yoleyo akuri nhlamulo leyi ndzi yikumeke.
Sweswo aswi khunguvanyisa kambe kusukela kwalano, ahi pfumeleriwa kurhumela mali leyi ayiya eka account ya Mandela yale jele. Endzhaku ka nkarhi hi endle tano nale ka vabohiwa lava vanwani vo tani hi, Walter Sisulu na Govan Mbeki.
Ndzi byeriwe leswaku hi khisimusi vanga tsala e hansi nxanxameto wa leswi vaswilavaka laha valanguteri va khotso vangataya vaxavela swona e vhengeleni rale kusuhi. Eka rendzo ra hina roya ekuwiseni ra lembe na lembe e Cape Town hiyile e Pollsmoor prison kuya siya tinyiko. Andzi tirhisana na Gregory naswona ari na malwandla swinene no kota kupfuna.
Miburisano yo hlamarisa
E kaya e Johannesburg hi muqivela unwana ni mixo, Winnie u bile rinqingho a khunguvanyekile swinene: a byeriwe leswaku Mandela ari na mavabyi ya cancer naswona a lava leswaku ndziya kambisisa loko leswi swiri ntiyiso. Ndzi fonele e Pollsmoor laha ndzi nga kuma Gregory.
Undzi tshembisile leswaku leswi hinkwaswo akuri mavun’wa; akungari khale a heta ku vona Mandela naswona a hanye kahle naswona aha ku heta kudya swakudya swa ni mixo. Gregory undzi komberile kuva ndziya byela Winnie mahungu yalawo, naku n’witsundzuxa leswaku vanhu vana mona swinene hikokwalaho vafambisaka mavun’wa lawa ya rihlaza.
Ndzi n’wi khensile ndzi tlhela ndzi kombela leswaku andzi rungulele nkulkumba Mandela laha anga tiyisisa leswaku uta endla tano. Aswihlamarisa swinene noka swinga tshembisi leswaku himpela ndzi vulavula na mulanguteri wa khotso hi xivochwa xosungula xa tiko. Loko ndzi veke rinqingho e hansi ndzi byele nsati wa mina Anne leswaku, 'Lowu kuve mburisano wohlamarisa swinene hi rinqingho lowu ndzi nga tshama ndzi va na wona evuton’wini.'
Kuringeta ku vhakacha
Eku lulamiseleni ka ku vhakela Mandela ndzi lulamise miehleketo yamina na hinkwaswo leswi ndzi ngata fika ndzi swivula xikan’we noka ndzi nga pfumeli ku lawuriwa no byeriwa swoswivula. Ndzi amukeriwile e Pollsmoor prison ndzi amukeriwa hi Gregory: andzi byela hilaha vanga tsaka hakona hiku vhakeriwa.
Laha ndzi vhele ndzi swivona leswaku laha andzi ringiwa hikuva akuri khale swinene ndziri karhi ndzi ringeta ku vhaka vandzi byela leswaku kupfumeleriwe ntsena vandyangu ku vona Mandela. Andzi chuhile nyana no elheketa leswaku himpela ndzi ta Iandzelela milawu leyi ayi vekiwile.
Unga vileli, kuvula Gregory; Mukhalabya vaswitiva leswinga pfumeleriwa naleswinga pfumeleriwangiki, hina ahi pfumeleriwangi kuvulavula hi swipimelo swa laha khotsweni. Lowu awuri nkarhi wohlawuleka swinene evuton’wini bya mina: Ndzi tshame exitulwini emahlweni ka nghilazi lerikulu swinene, hiloko ata nghena Nelson Mandela, mavoko yayimele e henhla laha a komba kuxeweta.
A tshama eka tlhelo lerinwani ra fasitere laha hinga bula hiswipikara leswi aswikurisa marito ya hina. Se abase na nhloko natinyama se ati sungule ku chika. Kambe aha yimekile swinene tani hilaha anga leha tani hileswi ndzi nga nwi hetelerisa xiswona kutlula makume mbirhi wa malembe lawa yanga hundza. Ndzi tsakisiwe ngopfu hi xiyimo xakwe no hlonipheka.
Loyi ari wanuna loyi angati vumba notiyimisela hivuenti swinene evuton’wini bya yena. A vulavula hi rito ra vulawuri, a hlonipha Gregory na Gregory an’wi hlonipha swinene, kambe Mandela, xivochwa xotiyela swinene, alanguteka tani hiwanuna loyi a khome ndzhawu leyi ari eka yona.
Ku antswa ka xiyimo xa Mandela
hiku basisa ndlela ya dyondzo ya vana va yena vambirhi xikan’we no tiva leswaku vanghana vakwe vambirhi vale kule ku fika kwihi ke. Undzi kombele leswaku ndzi ya byela Dr Harold Seftel, mutivi nkulu wa mirhi ya xi Afrika, loyi anga nwitiva loko vahari exikolweni e University ya Witwatersrand, leswaku ayingisela mburisano wayena wa tarihanyo eka xiya ni moya hi masiku.
Andzi fanele kuya byela Seftel leswaku Mandela a landzelela switsundzuxo swayena eka ku hunguta munyu lowu awudyaka. Himpela misava yintsongo hikuva mina andzi ngo tiva Harry Seftel ntsena, kambe sesi wayena, Dolly Levine, ari munghana swinene loyi anga tivanisa mina na Anne— a 'shidduch' in Yiddish — naswona ari nantsakelo lowukulu eka vukati na vana va hina.
Endzhaku ka nkarhi ndzi fonele Seftel kuhundzisa hungu ra Mandela laha anga ndzi khensa swinene, 'I mitzvah [mikateko] leyi undzi nyikaka yona, i mitzvah.' Mandela undzi komberile leswaku ndzi tlhela ndzi vhaka nakambe, leswaku hitava na nkarhi woleha swinwe, kambe ange ndzi voni loko ndzi nga tangi na nghamu ya mina Anne. Avanga se tshama vahlangana — hitekanile endzhaku kaloko aha ku khomiwa — kambe a hlamusela leswaku una xithombe xa yena e kamareni ra khotso rakwe.
Mina na nghamu Anne hivuye hin’wi vhakachela nakambe hi January 1986, mavhiki nyana hinga se rhurhela e Britain, hinkarhi lowu vulawuri bya Mandela abyiti komba ngopfu. Hiyisiwe eka hofisi laha valanguteri ava tshame endzhaku varikarhi va teka swiletelo. Nkarhi lowu andzi fanele kuva ndzi tsala ehansi leswaku himpela andzi nge tsali nchumu eka phepha hungu wahari nkarhi ndzi nga seya vhakacha.
Mandela a chuchiwa
Mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga wutivisile hi ravuntlhanu leswaku Mandela uta humesiwa hi siku leri landzelaka. Hi muqivela andzi fanele kuya lunghisisa xitulu xa mina lexi axi tshovekile e vhengeleni rin’wana ekusuhi na laha ahi tshama kona e West Hampstead, London.
Loko ndzi nghena ndzi byele nwinyi wa vhengele hita ntsako lowu ndzi ngana wona, 'Mahungu lawanene ya leswaku Nelson Mandela wa humesiwa ekhotsweni na muntlha.' Andzi phela hi marha, 'Andzi byela leswaku munhu yaloye i tholorisi. U fanele ku dlawa.'Swindzi twise kuvava kambe aswinga kombi mavonelo ya Britain hinkarhi walowo.
Ndzi teke dyambu hinkwaro ndziri eka Sky TV, ndzi karhi ndzi haxa swifaniso leswi swohlamarisa leswi aswi suka e handle ka Victor Verster prison xikanwe nale Cape Town's Grand Parade laha Mandela anga burisana na ntshungu wa magidgidi ya vanhu.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni
Varhangeri va vandla ra African National Congress na vayimeri va rona akuri vona vosungula ku pfaleriwa e khotsweni leriya....