Kuna tindlela totala swinene ta xi Biology taku lawula switsotswana leti katsaka, pheromones, repellents na valala vantumbuluko xikanwe na ti ‘toxins’. 1 Loko kuri na switsotswana swokarhi hixitalo, leswi switala kukombeta leswaku kuna swokarhi swinga tshamisekangiki. Vukona bya switsotswana i ndlela ya ntumbuluko yaku kombeta leswaku kuna lesw lavaka ku lulamisiwa e purasini.
Switsotswana leswi swivoniwa tani hi ‘pests’ leswi hetelelaka swihlasela swinwana switsotswana naswona swina nkoka ku switiva, kuswi sirhelela, naku pfumelela switsotswana leswi vuyerisaka swikota ku andzisana. Swimilani leswi rhambaka switsotswana leswi vuyerisaka indyangu wa Asteraceae (kufana na sunflowers), clover, common yarrow (Achillea millefolium), buckwheat naswinwana swotala.
Xikombiso xa switsotswana leswi vuyerisaka i matandza na vana va ladybird. Xina mitwa, xina xivumbeko xa humba kambe xinga onha swinene eka switsotswana. Lacewings ti wela eka rixaka ra Neuroptera (Ndyangu wa: Chrysopidae). Aphids tina xiave xa nkoka eka swakudya swa swona, kambe switsotswana swinwana swofana na ti mites, thrips, white flies nati leafhoppers xikanwe na matandza ya swona swadyiwa. Muxaka wantolovelo lowu hlaselaka ti aphids eka koroni i hoverfly (Eupeodes corollae) leswi kuya hi muhlovo wa swona wa xitshopani na ka ntima swi endlaka leswaku swivonaka onge i tinyoxi kumbe ti wasps.
Kuna ti khamphani leti fuwaka no xavisa switsotswana leswi vuyerisaka swofana na ladybirds (Chilocorus nigritus na Cryptolaemus montrouzieri), na ti wasps leti hanyaka hi swinwana Aphytis lingnanensis na Coccidoxenoides perminutus. Switsotswana leswi swihanya emasinwini ya madiriva laha swidyaka ti grapevine mealy bugs nati red scales.
Leswi landzelaka i nkatsakanyo wa switsotswana swantolovelo na tindlela to swilawula.
Red Spider Mite
Switsotswana leswi swintsongo swinene. Swiendla swisaka kufana na swamapume ehansi ka matluka laha switswongaka juzi ya swimilani. Switsotswana leswi swihanya eka ndzhawu leyi hisaka naswona swinga lawuriwa hikuva ku ndlaleriwa swimilani kumbe ku fafazeriwa ehansi ka matluka hi mati.Aphids
Katsa mati na xisibi xa rihlaza xa sunlight laha xingata phupha nyana. Unga tirhisi xisibi xo hlantswa swibye kumbe swinwana leswingana ti khemikhali, kambe Sunlight Liquid ayi hlayisekanga kuyi tirhisa. Chela xiponci kumbe lapi eka mati lawa ya xisibi kutani u sula ti aphids eka swimilani. Tlhela u engeta nakambe ku endla sweswo kuringana ka nharhu exikarhi ka masiku yanharhu. Ladybirds naswona swidya ti aphids naswona switala kuhanya eka mabilomu yati carrots, fennel na coriander.Vusokoti na Muhlwa/Majenje
Switsotswana leswi aswi dyi swimilana kambe nkarhi wunwana swirhwala ti aphids. Muhlwa wu wela eka ndyangu wunwana naswona wudya tihunyi kufana na tshindi ra nsinya hambu kuri fenichara na mapulangi. Kandza viriviri ro oma riva mapa kutani uri chela eka tindzhawu letinga hlaseriwa hi vusokoti.Tihumba
Tihumba titlharihile naswona tidya navusiku. Titsakela tindzhawu letinga hola, to tsakama naswona titumbela eka thyaka lerikumekaka exirhapeni. Tiyisisa leswaku exirhapeni kutshama ku basile kungari na matluka. Nyunyetela nkuma kumbe ti eggshell laha kungana swimilana, leswi swita endla leswaku tihumba ti fambela kule. Ti eggshell ti onha miri wati humba lowunga vevuka swinene. Munhu waku lunga swakudya nawona wa tirha eka kuhlongola tihumba na switsotswana leswingana miri wovevuka, kambe loko wu cheriwe ngopfu wuva na mbuyelo wo biha swinene eka ku nona ka misava.Nematodes
Nematodes iswivungu leswintsongo swinene leswi hanyaka hiku tswonga juzi eka timintsu ta swimilani. Matandza yakona kusuka eka ti nodes eka timintsu ya nonokisa kukula ka swimilani. Ti nodes tinga endla leswaku ximilani xi fa. Swimilani leswi ndlaleriwaka, manyoro na swononisa misava swihumesa swilo leswi hanyaka hiti nematodes. Swibyariwa swa mabilomu kukota African marigold swinga byariwa tani hiswimilani swotatisela hikuva swihumesa mati yokarhi hitimintsu ta swona lawa ya dlayaka ti nematodes. Mabilomu lawa yanga tshoveriwa hinkarhi wakuva ya humesa mabilomu kutani ya fafazeriwa. Thonsi rinene ra bacterium leyi vange i Streptomyces yidya leyara ya chitin ya ti pathogens ta misava tani hi nematodes na phylloxera i xidzidziharisi lexinga tsarisiwa lexi tirhisiwaka kususa ti nematodes.Swivungu
Ti cutworms tidya swimilani leswintsongo loko swaha kumila emisaveni. Loko wocela kahle kwala tlhelo ka ximilani hi rintiho unga swikuma swi songanile emisaveni yoleyo, swobumbula, swa muhlovo wa mpunwa. Ti eggshells tinga fayeleriwa tiva letintsongo kuva ti chavisa ti cutworms. Supu yati cutworm yinga endliwa kuherisa ti cutworms, vonae Swilaveko swo endla swo sivela switsotswana leswi swa ntumbuluko.Cabbage Moths and Other Moths
Ti cabbage moth titshikela matandza eka matluka ya khavichi. Tata sokisi ra khale hi mpfanganyiso wa flawuri na munyu kutani u nyunyetela eka matluka ya khavichi. Kulaveka ntsena nhlayo yintsongo ya mpfanganyiso lowu e henhla nale hansi ka matluka lawa. Tsemelela matluka ya matamatisi kutani uya veka eka ndzhawu leyinga hlaseriwa ya swimilani kumbe nkatsakanyo wa xilepulani xinwe ya munyu eka tilitara timbirhi ta mati kutani u fafazela.Swifufunhunu
TRingeta himatimba ku susa swifufunhunu eka swimilani hiku swi fafazela hi mpfanganyiso wa virivir kumbe garlic. Kumbe ku endliwa juzi ya swifufunhunu kuva swichavisa swifufunhunu leswi.Translated by Ike Ngobeni