Lapho khona sekwakhiwe tindzawo tetjani, umlimi angakhetsa kutsi alungise lendzawo ngekutsi afake kakhulu letitjalo noma ngekutsi anakekele leyondzawo lephilako.
Umangabe lendzawo ina 40 kuya ku 75% wenhlanyelo lekhona, indzawi lensha ingahlanyelwa ngekufakwa kakhulu kuloko lokuphilako kulendzawo, kepha umanngabe kungaphansi kwa 40% kwetintfo letisele kulendzawo, kungayintfo lencono noma lekahle kutsi kuphindze kusungulwe lendzawo.
Nawulungiselela kuhlanyela lendzawo, kokubili lokuma kwalendzawo kany nenhlobo yemhlabatsi yalendzawo kudlala indzima lenkhulu ekukhetseni sincumo senhlanyelo yelandzawo. Kutophindze kukhetse indlela lekahle yekulima.
Sonkhe sikhatsi sebentisa, tinhlavu-letiphakeme bese ngaphambi kwekuhlanyela lamantongomane, yiba nesiciniseko kutsi ujova letinhlavu netintfo letingito teligciwane le Rhizobium kwentela kuvumela kulungiseka kahle kwe nitrogen kulomhlabatsi.
Buta loyo lokunita letinhlavu ngesecwayiso sendzawo kanye neluhla lwe tinhlavu.
Kukhetfwa kwe Ndzawo Kwentela Kuhlanyela kuLendzawo
Lelitfuba lekukhokha kwalendzawo litochazwa nguletintfo talomhlabatsi nekuvundza kwawo. Kufana nekutsi, lomhlabatsi longaphansi walendzawo ungavikela kusefeka kwemanti, lokubangela umhlabatsi longetulu kutsi ukhunge emanti. Tjani lobutsandza indzawo-lemantana njenge Napier ne tjani be bana kungaba kukhetsa lokuhle.
Lokunyukela kwalendzawo kungaphatamisa lokugijima kwalamanti kanye nekugedvuka kwemhlabatsi lokungabese kwenta kubaluleka kwekuala loku njenge vkuma kwendzawo ngaphandle nekulingana kwalendzawo. Kuhlisa lelizinga lekuhamba kwemanti kwehlela phansi etintsatjaneni, kucanca kanye nekwakheka kwemhlabatsi kungahlanyelwa kulokutitsambo letivulekile. Loku kungaphindze kukhulise kusefeka kwemanti kulomhlabatsi.
Kulungiselwa kwe Tindzawo
Cala kulungiselela lomhlabatsi kusuka etinyangeni letisitfupha kuyak eshumi nakubili ngaphambi kwelisuku lelingilo lekuhlanyela. Ngaphambi kwekulima noma nguyiphi inhlanyelo, kubalulekile kuba nekuhlolwa kwemhlabatsi kwentela kutfola kwehluleka kwemanutrients ne pH yemhlabatsi. Lokuhlolwa kwemhlabatsi kutophindze kukhetse kutsi nguyiphi indzawo yekuhlanyela titjalo lelungele inhlobo yakho yemhlabatsi. Ngemuvakwaloko, emanutrients angangetwa kulomhlabatsi kanjalo netintfo letite emamkhemikhali kwentela kugcugcutela imphilo lencane kakhulu emhlabatsini. Faka lokolokuncane lokufanele, manyolo nemanutrients ngesikhatsi setinhlanyelo tembhedze kulungisela noma ngesikhatsi sekuhlanyela.
Emalungiselelo eTinhlanyelo Temibhedze
Letinhlanyelo tetjani lobuningi kanye nemantongomane tincane kakhulu futsi, ngaloko, kubalulekile ngalatinhlavutemibhedze kutsi tikhone, kungabi-nelikhula kanye nekucina. Tinhlavu tidzinga kubamantana kwentela kuhlumisa phindze nekukhulisa timphandze ngako kutsintsana kwetinhlavu letikahle-kuya-emhlabatsini kwentela kuciniseka kutsi kutsi bumantana lobulinganako dvute netinhlavu.
Emalungiselelo emibhedze yetinhlavu ashiyana ngenhlobo yetintfo letikhona. Umangaba indzawo lensha isungulwa, kugucuka lokukhulu kungasetjentiswa kepha umangabe indzawo lekhona ilungiswa, lendlela yeku-ngaguculi ingaba ngulelungile.
Kuhlanyela kungentiwa ngetindlela letatiwako noma kungabikhona-indlela yekugucula. Tindlela letatiwako tekuhlanyela, lenhlanyelo yemibhedze iyahlanyelwa phindze iguculwe kwentela kulungiselela lenhlanyelo yemibhedze phindze nakundlela yeku-ngaguculi, tinhlavu tihlanyelwa ngaphandle kwemihlabatis lenemakhemikhali laphatamisako.
Kuhlanyela ngendlela leyatiwako kumele kwentiwe ngesikhatsi umbhedzewesitjalo udzingeka. Kugamula tigadla letinkhulu temhlabatsi phindze labanye balimi bakutsatsa njengekutsi kufutfumalisa lomhlabatsi ngekuphangisa phindze kusita kusungula indzawo lefanako kakhulu. Nomakunjalo, kugucula lokwatiwako kungashintja kuma kwemhlabatsi phindze kubange kugedvuka kwemhlabatsi.
Kute-kugucula lokufaka titjalo lesetivele tihlanyelwe kutsi tifakwe kulendzawo lesele. Lolokusele kumele kuncishiswe kucala ngekutsi kudliwe kakhulu noma kususwe tigadla tetjani. Kute tindlela-tekugucula letinciphisa kugedvuka kwemhlabatsi phindze konge bumantana kepha titjalo lesetihlanyelwe tingadzinga kukhuliswa kancane futsi tifane kancane.
Sikhatsi Lesilingele Sekuhlanyela
Ngesikhatsi kuhlanyelwa letindzawo, lolusuku lwekuhlanyela lubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyatiwa, lokukhetfwa kwendzawo – kuhlula-kwasehlobo noma kuhluma-kwasebusika kukhomba sikhatsi sekuhlanyela sakho. Ngekubuka, umlimi udzinga kuba nendzawo lekhona ngetikhatsi letisikasi tekudla noma somiso.
Kuhlela lesikhatsi sekuhlanyela kungachaza kutsi lendzawo ingavunwa nini. Gcina engcondvweni yakho kutsi letindzawo angeke nje tidliwe kepha titophindze tivunwe bese tigcinwe ngendlela ye silage noma sigadla setjani.
Lukhula lungakhomba lesikhatsi sekuhlanyela, fana nekutsi, kulinywa kwendzawo entfwasahlobo nasekungeneni kwelihlobo kungakalela lokukhula kwelikhula lwasebusika.
Tindlela noma Emachinga eKulima
Tinhlavu tendzawo tivame kusakatwa kepha ngalesinye sikhatsi tindzawo tekulinywa ngemalayini tiyatsandvwa. Ngalena ndlela, inhlavu lengiyo nje ingaphindze isetjentiswe kutsi ihlanyelwe emilayinini, fanenekutsi lapho khona letindzawo tidzinga kusungulwa ngemalayini labanti emkhatsini wenhlanyelo.
Kubalulekile kuhlanyhela letinhlavu ngekushona lokukahle kwentela kuvumela kuhluma lokukahle.
Kuhlanyela kungentiwa ngesandla noma ngemshina losetjentiswa ngesandla wetinhlavu. Inhlanyelo yemabele lapho khona, lematinyo noma umukhwa sowususiwe nako kungasetjentiswa. Ngalena ndlela, tinhlavu titowela kulomhlabatsi ngetulu kungabi munyama. Lenye indlela, indlela lenye lekahle lesetjentiswako yekukhicita tibhidvo ingasetjentiswa. Tinhlavu tingaphindze tihlanganiswe ne phosphate noma ilime bese ihlanyelwa nekwekusakata ilime.
Kubhobhosa lokucondzile kungasetjentiswa. Njengekutsi, kungakhonakala kungeta tinhlavutetjani kanye nesitjalo lesincane lesinemacembe endzaweni lekhona lekhula-emantongomane ngekutsi kubhobhoswe kucondze noma kuhlanyela etukwemacembe noma titjalo letifile tenhlanyelo yaphambilini. Loku kwentela kutsi kucinise lendzawo noma kungetwe tjani kulamantongomane lakhulako kulendzawo. Lendlela angeke isebente ne cock’s foot, noma ilucerne.
Translated by Phindile Malotana