Lapho kudliwe khona amadlelo, umlimi anganquma ukuvuselela idlelo ngokuqapha noma ukulawula idlelo elikhona. Uma idlelo line-40 - 75% yesitshalo esitholakalayo, idlelo elisha lingatshalwa ngokungaqondakali emadlelweni asekhona, kepha uma kungaphansi kuka-40% yedlelo, kungase kube ngcono ukuvuselela leli dlelo.
Uma ulungiselela ukutshala amadlelo, kokubili isimo sezwe kanye nenhlabathi yomhlabathi yendima idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukhetho lwesitshalo sefuyi. Kuzophinde kutholakale indlela yokutshala engcono kakhulu.
Njalo sebenzisa imbewu enhle, ephezulu futhi ngaphambi kokutshala ama-legumes, qinisekisa ukuthi usungula imbewu ngenkinga efanele ye-bacterium Rhizobium ukuvumela ukulungiswa okufanele kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini. Buza umphakeli wakho wezinsiza ukuthi uthole iseluleko kusayithi kanye nokukhethwa kwenzalo.
Ukukhethwa Kwendawoi Yokutshala Amadlelo
Isivuno esingaba khona sodlelo sizobe sithonywa izici zenhlabathi nokuzala. Isibonelo, i-subsoil yesayithi ingavimbela ukungena kwamanzi okujulile, okwenza isisindo sezulu sibe amanzi. Izinkumbi ezinamathunya ezinjengeNapier nezingane utshani zingase zibe ukukhetha okuhle.
Ukunyuka kwezwe kuzothinta ukuqhuma kwamanzi kanye nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi okungase kudingeke ukuthi kwenziwe izinyathelo ezinjengama-contours ne-terracing.
Ukuze unciphise izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi ekukhuphukeni, ukwanda kwezinambuzane kanye nokwenza utshani kungasetshala emaphethweni amakhulu. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukungena kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Ukuhlela Amadlelo
Qala ukulungiselela inhlabathi 6 - 12 izinyanga ngaphambi kosuku lokutshala langempela. Ngaphambi kokutshala noma yisiphi isitshalo, kubalulekile ukuba uvivinywa ngomhlabathi ukuze kunqunywe ukusilela kokudla kanye ne-pH yenhlabathi. Lokhu kuhlola kwenhlabathi kuyonquma nokuthi yiziphi izitshalo zokudla ezifanele kakhulu uhlobo lwenhlabathi yakho.
Emva kwalokho, izakhi zinganezelwa enhlabathini kanye nodaba oluphilayo ukuze kukhuthazwe impilo encane emhlabathini. Hlanganisa ukulungiswa okudingekayo, umquba kanye nezakhi ngesikhathi sokulungiselela imbewu noma lapho uhlwanyela.
Ukulungiselela Imbewu
Imbewu yobuningi obuningi nemifino imincane kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ku-imbewu encane ibe ngisho, ukhula alukhululekile futhi luqinile. Imbewu idinga umswakama ukuze ikhule futhi ithuthukise izimpande ukuxhumana okuhle kwenhlabathi kuya enhlabathini kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umswakama okwanele eduze kwembewu.
Ukulungiswa kwembewu kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwemishini etholakalayo. Uma kusungulwa idlelo elisha, ukulima okuvamile kungasetshenziswa kodwa uma kudliwa kabusha isilondolozi esivele sikhona, indlela ye-no-till drill ingahle ibe ngcono. Ukutshala kungenziwa ngezindlela ezivamile noma ezingekho.
Ngezindlela zokutshala ezivamile, imbewu ehlwanyelwayo ihlwanyelwe futhi igxilwe ukuze ilungiselele imbewu ye-seedbed ne-no-till, imbewu itshalwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umhlabathi. Ukutshala okuvamile kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho kudingeka khona imbewu ebomvu.
Iphula ama-clods amakhulu enhlabathi kanti abanye abalimi bacabanga ukuthi ivuselela inhlabathi ngokushesha futhi kusiza ukudala udlelo olufanayo.
Noma kunjalo, ukulima okuvamile kungashintsha isakhiwo somhlabathi futhi kubangele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ukulimala akubandakanyi ukutshala ngqo emadlelweni asele.
Ukuhlala kufanele kuqala kuncishiswe ngokudla okunzima noma ukususwa kwe-hay. Izindlela ezingenazo zonke izindlela zokunciphisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokugcina umswakama kodwa izithombo zingase zikhule kancane kancane futhi zingaphansi ngokufanayo.
Isikhathi Sokutshala Esihle Kakhulu
Lapho utshala amadlelo, usuku lokuhlwanyela lubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusobala, ukukhetha kwamadlelo - ukukhula kwehlobo noma ukukhula kwebusika kuyonquma isikhathi sakho sokuhlwanyela.
Okufanelekile, umlimi kumele abe namadlelo ngezikhathi zokuntuleka kokudla noma isomiso. Ukuhlela isikhathi sokutshala kuzokwenquma lapho kudliwa khona amadlelo.
Khumbula ukuthi amadlelo angeke adliwe kuphela kodwa angabuye avunwe futhi agcinwe ngendlela ye-silage noma ye-hay. Ukhula lunganquma isikhathi sokutshala, isibonelo, ukutshala kwamadlelo entwasahlobo nasekuseni kwehlobo kunganciphisa ukukhula kokhula lwabusika.
Izindlela Zokutshala
Imbewu yamadlelo ivame ukusakazwa kepha ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlwanyela amadlelo emigqeni kuyakhethwa. Kule nkinga, inzalo evamile ingasetshenziselwa ukuyihlwanyela emigqeni, isibonelo lapho kudliwa khona amadlelo emigqeni emikhulu phakathi kwezitshalo zemali.
Kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekujuleni okulungile ukuvumela ukuhluma okuhle. Ukutshala kungenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini wokuhlwanyelwa ngesandla. Umhleli wekoro okuvela kuwo, amazinyo/amakhiwe asusiwe angasetshenziswa futhi. Ngale ndlela, imbewu izowela emhlabathini ongekho emhlabathini.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo esihle sembewu esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imifino singasetshenziswa. Imbewu ingabuye ixubane ne-phosphate noma i-lime futhi ihlwanyelwe isakazeli se-lime. Ukuhogela okuqondile kungasetshenziswa.
Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukufaka i-ryegrass ne-clover emadlelweni aphethwe yi-legume ngokufaka ngqo-ukubola noma ukutshala emgqeni wesitshalo sangaphambilini.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukukhukhulela udlelo noma ukwengeza utshani emadlelweni aphethwe ngamagundane. Le nqubo ngeke isebenze ngezinyawo zesikhumba, fescue noma i-lucerne.
Translated by Nsika Khoza