Xa amadlelo sele ekhona, umfama angagqiba okokuba awavuselele amadlelo ngokuthi afake imbewu eninzi okanye ngoku lawula lawo akhoyi amadlelo.
Xa idlelo linesivuno esingu 40 – 75%, idlelo elitsha lingatyaleka ngokuthi kubekho imbewu eninzi kwidlelo elikhoyo, kodwa xa idlelo elikhoyo lingaphantsi ko 40%, kungangcono ukuphinda uliqalele okokutsha. Xa ulungiselela ukutyala amadlelo, ubume bomhlaba nohlobo lomhlaba wendawo zidlala indawo ebalulekileyo ekugqibeni kuhlobo lwedlelo.
Izakunceda ukugqiba kweyona ndlela ingcono yokutyala. Hlala usebenzisa imbewu elungileyo ekudidi oluphezulu, kwaye phambi kokutyala imbotyi, qinisekisa okokuba imbewu uyitywinile kwizifo ngomlinganiselo olungileyo we ntsholongwane iRhizobium ukuvumela initrogen ingene kakuhle emhlabeni.
Cela ingcebiso kulowo uthengisa imbewu malunga nokuchonga imbewu elungileyo.
Ukukhetha Indawo Yokutyala Amadlelo
Umyinge onokuthi uveliswe lidlelo ukuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nokuchuma kwawo. Umzekelo, umhlaba ongaphantsi kulondawo ungathintela ukungena kwamanzi ngezantsi, kwenze umphezulu womhlaba udame amanzi.
Ingca zama dlelo ezifumileyo ezifana ne Napier ne bana zinga lunga. Ukwenyuka komhlaba kuzakuchaphazela ukwehla kwamanzi kunye nokutshabalaliswa komhlaba oku kunyanzeleke okokuba kubekho ikhonto kunye nezigaba.
Ukwehlisa izinga lamanzi nokwehla kwawo endulwini, ukunona kunye nokwenza ingcambu zingatyalwa zinabiswe. Oku kuzakunceda ukungena kwamanzi emhlabeni.
Ukucwangcisela Ukwenza Amadlelo
Qala ukulungisa umhlaba iinyanga eziyi 6 - 12 phambi kosuku lokutyala. Phambi kokutyala nasiphi na isivuno, kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba uvavanywe ukuze kubonwe izidingo zomhlaba ezidingekayo kunye ne pH yomhlaba.
Oluvavanyo lomhlaba luzakubonisa okokuba zeziphi izivuno zedlelo ezililungeleyo ihlobo lomhlaba wakho. Emveni koko, izinongo zingo ngezwa kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nomhlaba ongafakwanga nto ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko lomhlaba.
Faka okudingekayo, izichumisi, kunye nezinongo ngexesha lokulungiselela ukubeka imbewu ebhedini okanye ukuhlwayela.
Ukulungisa Ibhedi ye Mbewu
Imbewu yentlobo zengca ezininzi kunye nembotyi zincinci ngembonakalo, yiyo lonto kubalulekile ibhedi yembewu ilingane, ingabinalo ukhula kwaye iqine.
Imbewu idinga ukufuma ukuze ikhule intshule nengcambu ukuze imbewu elungileyo-isidibane-nomhlaba kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufuma okwaneleyo kufuphi nembewu. Ukulungisa ibhedi yembewu kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezixhobo ezifumanekayo.
Xa kusaqalwa idlelo elitsha, ukulungiswa komhlaba okuqhelekileyo kungasetyenziswa xa idlelo elikhoyo liphuhliswa, kungangcono ukuyeka izityalo unyaka zingaphazamiswa (no-till method), imbewu ityalwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umhlaba ngezixhobo.
Kungatyalwa ngendlela eqhelekilyo okanye kusetyenziswe indlela efanayo yebhedi zesityalo zingaphazamiswa. Iye iphule izigaqa ezinkulu zomhlaba kwaye amanye amafama acinga okokuba yenza umhlaba ufudumale ngoku khawuleza inceda nokwenza idlelo elifanayo.
Kodwa ke, ukulungiswa komhlaba ngenjongo yokutyala okuqhelekileyo, kungatshintsha ubume bomhlaba buwu tshabalalise. Ukungawulungisi umhlaba kuthetha okokuba imbewu ifakwa ngqo kumadlelo anentsalela zengca. Iintsalela kufuneka zehliswe ngokufaka imfuyo ze itye kakhulu okanye ususe ingca eqinileyo.
Ayikho indlela yokulungisa umhlaba ehlisa umonakalo emhlabeni ze igcine ukufuma komhlaba, kodwa izithole zingakhula kancinci kwaye ngokungafaniyo.
Ixesha eli Lungele Ukutyala
Xa utyala amadlelo, usuku loku hlwayela libalulekile. Ngoku cacileyo, ukukhetha amadlelo - akhula ehlotyeni okanye ebusika kuzakuchaza ixesha lakho lokuhlwayela.
Okungcono, umfama kufuneka abenamadlelo akhoyo ngamaxesha okunqaba kokutya okanye wembalela. Ukucwangcisa ixesha lokutyala kuzakuchaza okokuba idlelo lingalungela ukuvunwa nini.
Ugcine engqondweni okokuba amadlelo awazukutyiwa zizilwanyana kuphela, kodwa angavunwa agcinwe njengokutya kwezilwanyana (silage ne hay).
Ukhula kungachaza ixesha lokutyala, umzekelo, ukutyala amadlelo entwasa hlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo kungachaphazela ukukhula kokhula lase busika.
Iindlela Zokutyala
Imbewu yamadlelo iyasasazwa kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlwayela amadlelo kwimiqolo kungcono. Phantsi kwalemeko, kungasetyenziswa indlela eqhelekileyo yokufaka imbewu ukuze ityalwe ngemiqolo, umzekelo apho amadlelo angasekwa kwimiqolo emikhulu phakathi kwezivuno ezithengwayo.
Kubalulekile ukutyala imbewu kubunzulu obulungileyo ukuze ikhule kakuhle. Ukutyala kungenziwa ngesandla okanye ngomatshini osetyenizswa ngesanda wezithole. Ukutyala ingqolowa apho imela ezinamazinyo zisusiweyo zingasetyenziswa.
Ngalendlela, imbewu izakuwela emhlabeni ngaphezulu, hayi ebunzulwini bawo.kunge njalo, isixhobo sokutyala imbewu esicolayo esisetyenziswa xa kutyalwa imifuno. Imbewu ingaxutywa ne phosphate okanye ilamuni ifakwe nento yokusasaza ilamuni yezolimo. Ukugrumba ngqo kungasetyenziswa.
Umzekelo, kuyenzeka kongezwe irye grass ne clover kwidlelo esele line mbotyi ezininzi ngokuthi ugrumbe okanye utyale intsalela zesivuno esidlulileyo.
Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo yokwenza idlelo lifufumale okanye ukongeza ingca kwidlelo eligcwele iimbotyi. Lendlela ayizukusebenza kuhlobo icock’s foot, fescue okanye Lucerne.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie