Tindzawo Tenhlanyelo Letibandzako
Tindzawo tenhlanyelo letibandzako (CHU – Crop Heat Units) tichaza lokutsatseka kwesimo ekukhuleni kwenhlanyelo kanye nekutfutfuka. Lokukhula kwesitjalo kushiyana ngenombolo lephelele yekushisa kuya kuleyo lekaleleke kiyo ngesikhatsi sekuphila kwaso, kukhuliswa ngemalanga ema degree. Simo lesiphansi sekushisa noma kubandza sihambisa kancane bese timo letifutfumele tiphutfumisa kukhula.eNingizimu Afrika, sisebentisa 10°C, lolulenge ummbila, inhlanyelo yetfu yemabele lecinile, njengesimo sekucalela. Lesimo sekucalela simo lesingaphansi lapho khona lesitjalo silimateka, singakhoni nekukhula noma singakhokhi nenhlanyelo. Lesimo sekucalela sihluka emkhatsini wetinhlanyelo letehlukene. Njengekutsi, lesimo sekucalela singu 4°C kuma peas, inhlanyelo yesimo selitulu lesikahle, 10°C wemmbila, inhlanyelo yemabele asehlobo, 13°C wetitselo letinongotelako kanye nemoba bese 18°C wema palms etinsuku.
Letinye tintfo tiphindze titseleleke ekukhuleni kwenhlanyelo; sikhatsisesitfombe (budze belilanga), kuvundza kwemhlaba nemanti emhlabatsini. Kuvuna kungabambeleleka (kutfwaleka kwemanti laphakeme) noma kuphangisiswe kutfwaleka kwemanti laphansi emhlabatsini.
Tilwanyana te Nhlanyelo neSimo Sekushisa noma Kubandza
Ngakoke lendzawo leshisako/degree-ngelilanga ingasetjentiswa kucagela bukhona betilwanyana bese kuhlelwa indlela yekufutsa letilwanyana.
Njengekutsi, lesicalelo sesimo se codling moth, silwanyana lesibakhona kutitselo letinongotelako, emampentjisi, emahhabhula nalokunye, ngu 11°C. sicalelo sesomi se cotton bollworm ngu 14°C, silwanyana kunhlanyelo kufana nema peas, emabhontjisi, iwheat, kotini, ummbila, lokunongotelako, icucurbits, emazambane, tamatisi ne Lucerne. Ibe ye oriental fruit moth, silwanyana lesikhulu kumampentjisi, ngu 7°C kuphela.
Yini Tindzawo Letibandzako?
Inhlanyelo idzinga timo letipholile ngetizatfu letehlukene. Tihlahla tetitselo letilahlekelwa ngemacembe ato tingena esikhatsini sekuphumula nakuyiwa ekupheleni kwelihlobo. Kukhula kuyema kuze kube lapho khona lesitjalo sesibone linani lelitsite lekubandza ngesikhatsi sasebusika. Njengekutsi, emampentjisi adzinga timo letisemkhatsini wacishe lokungu 2.5°C na 9°C kwekugcina kwesikhatsi.
Umangabe lokuncishiswa kwekubandza lokudzingekako kungakafikwa kuko, kutfumela etinkingeni entfwasahlobo, njengelicembe lelibambelelekile nalephuka (emampentjisi – kuvunwa muva nalokunye.) noma kushoda kwekuphuka kwelicembe (emahhabhula – lamancane, titselo letincane nalokunye) loku kubanga kunncipha lokumatima ngekukhokha.
Ngetitselo letifana nemampentjisi nemahhabhula, emakhemikhali ngaletinye tikhatsi asetjentiselwa kunciphisa kuphuka kwemacembe ngesikhatsi iPCU bekangakeneli kuciniseka kuphuka ngendalo kwemacembe.
Kulesihlahla setitselo lesilahlekelwa ngemacembe tindzawo tekukhicitela letibuketwe nge PCU tingentiwa kwentela kucagela kuphuka kwelicembe, tingoti tekoma natichakaza kanye netinsuku tekuvuna. Ingaphindze isetjentiswe kubambelela kuchakaza, kwentela kuvikela kulinyatwa sitfwatfwa, noma kubuka kutsi ngabe lendzawo ilungele kutsi kungalinywa inhlanyelo letsite.
iWheat idzingg kunakekelwa ngenca yekubandza, lekubitwa nge vernalization. iVernalization kungesikhatsi timo letiphansi tidzingeka kwentela kugcugcutela kuvela kwetimbali kanye nekwakheka kwetinhlavu.
Translated by Phindile Malotana