Ema alpacas tilwane letifanako te ruminant (tilwane letinetisu letingetulu kwasinye) lesingaphila etimeni letimatima tesimo selitulu lesiphakeme. eNingizimu Afrika, ialpacas ifuywa ngetimo letiningi telitulu phindze agcinwe emadlelweni lapho kudla kwao kungafakekwa phindze atsatsele kwentela kuciniseka ngelizinga lema fleece kanye nemkhicito. Ema alpacas ahhulwa kanye ngemnyaka.
Tilwane tingahlanganiswa noma ngasiphi sikhatsi ngemnyaka - letinsikati tingamunywa natibamanti. Kuncono, nomakunjalo, kutsi icrias (umntfwana we alpacas) atalwe kume ngekuphela kwelihlobo (Indlovu Lenkhulu kuya Kumabasa) noma ngentfwasahlobo (Imphala kuya ku Lweti) kunesikhatsi sasebusika.
Kutsenga I-Alpacas
Tsenga ialpacas lencono longayikhona, secwayiso lesiphuma kubafuyi be alpacas eNingizimu Afrika. Umfuyi lomusha we alpacas angaphindze akhetse kutsenga iSA Studbook-lebhaliswe tilwane kusuka ku alpaca yase Ningizimu Afrika yentalelo phindze ungacitsa kufika ku R 20 000 – kuya ku R 25 000 (2019) ngelizinga lelihle laletinsikati letincane letitetfwele. iHerdsire alpacas (letindvuna letitosetjentiswa ehlelweni lwekucatsaniswa) tingabita R 15 000 kuya ku R 18 000 noma ngetulu, kucagela Dokotela Gavin Lindhorst, intalelo ye alpaca kanye nekungena. Ema alpacas angasetjentiswa njengemhlambi webagadzi noma tilwane tekufuywa tingabita ngaphansi kunetilwane tentalelo.
Vakashela intalelo ye alpaca kwentela kufundza ngetigaba tekuhlanganisa ngemlandvo, kubuka tilwane ‘ifibre nekubuka iherdsires (kuhlanganisa letindvuna) letisetjentiswa njengemhlambi. Uma ufuna kwakha umhlambi lophangisako, cala ngaletinsikati letimitsi, kucwayisa Dokotela Lindhorst.
Ngaphandle kwetilwane kutsi tiyangenisa kuchamuka iChile nase Peru, iNingizimu Afrika nayo seyingenisile ialpacas kusuka eAustralia. I-Australia seyitsatse tingati tase Peruvian, inelubhaliso lolusebentako phindze ikhomba isekhethe lekhomba ema alpacas lamakhulu, kusho Dokotela Lindhorst.
Ngekwengeta, tilwane tase Australia setikhonjisiwe kutilwane tekufuywa letijwayelwe kanye nakutifo netilwane letiphilangaletinye, lelapho ialpacas’ ngekwendalo itsatse etintsabeni tase Andes (+3000 m) yindzawo lemile.
Kufuywa kwe Alpacas
I-Alpacas ingafuywa kwentela tidzingo tayo tekuhlanganiswa noma ngekugadza njengemhlambi, kepha kakhulu kwentela lobuhle belizinga le fibre. Loku kuchaza hhayi nje insotja yetilwane kuphela, kepha emanutrition lamahle kanye nekunakekela lokuhlupha ngendlela lamasotja ahamba ngakhona. Kufana nekutsi, kunakekela emadlelo kwentela kukala ifibre letfwelwe (tjani kanye nemanyeva kule fleece) ngesikhatsi sekuhhulwa.
Ema alpacas agcinwa emadlelweni lafana ne kikuyu noma Eragrostis kantsi lamanye emadlelo ku fynbos ku Karoo. Kudla kwemadlelo kungangetetelwa ngalokuhlanganisiwe (tindumbu, emapellets, mineral mix, nalokunye) noma kudla kwemahhashi lokuhlanganiswe ne protein lephansi yema pellets kanye netinhlavu te lupin. Lamaprotein atfwele lokudla anganika lizinga kule alpaca fleece; emaprotein lasetulu angachubela ekubangeni le fibre. Kwenta lite lokutsi le alpaca inelitfuba lekukhokha emanutrients kusuka emadlelweni laphansi, kepha bafuyi nomakunjalo bakhutsata ngemadlelo ekungetetela nemanutrition langetiwe.
Kuyacwayiswa kutsi kulungise lelipulazi libe nemakhempu lenele kwentela kujikelisa emadlelo. Caphela ngekufuya letiningi. Emakhemphu lamaningi adzinga kuvulela emacembu lehlukene lafana naletinsikati letimitsi noma letinsikati letihluphako, ema herdsires kanye naletindvuna letinane, letiklunyuliwe naletibukiwe - tilwane letingadzinga imitsi noma emanutrition lamcoka.
Ema alpacas lamasikati (hembras) alungele kuhlanganiswa nakanetinyanga letilishumi nesiphohlongo kuya kumashumi lamabili nakubili phindze angatala icria yinye ngemuva kwemalanga lamakhulu lamatsatfu nemashumi lamane. Ngetulu kwemaviki lamabili ngemuva kwekutalwa, angabese uyahlanganiswa phindze. Ema alpacas lamaphahla akavami.
Tingalo tetinyalwo kanye nematinyo kumele kuhlolwe njalo ngemnyaka bese kuyajutjwa umakudzingeka phindze nekujovwa kuyana naloko lokusetjentiswa ekufuyweni kwetimvu. Loku kufaka kuvikeleka kusifo selulwimi loluluhlata sasibhakabhaka, kuvevetela kwe Rift Valley kanye nesifo se Clostridia.
Kujuba ema Alpacas
Ahhulwa kanye ngemnyaka, ikakhulu ngesikhatsi sentfwasahlobo - inyanga yeNyoni kuya kunyanga yeMphala kushiyane ngesimo selitulu - futsi angahhulwa asemancane anetinyanga letisitfupha. Tintfo letifanako tekuhhula timvu tiyasetjentiswa, kepha umukhwa lokhweshile we alpaca usetjentiselwa kushiya kumbe 4 mm we fibre emtimbeni. Ema alpacas anesikhumba lesicinile kunaleso setimvu futsi kumele ahhulwe ngekunakekelwa kwentela kuvikela kulimala.
Lama fleece lasuka ku wither (phansi kwentsamo) kuya etulu emsileni kanye nasemaceleni esilwane ngulona zinga lelikahle. Loku kubitwa nga ‘lokusetulu noma ‘kwekucala’. Lokwesibili’ ngema fibre asemilenteni kanye nasentsanyeni. Le fibre lesenhloko kanye nangaphambili’ iyahhulwa naseyicala kubayindze kakhulu phindze imukele lokubuka kwe alpaca kepha le fibre ivame kusetjentiswa ngaleso sikhatsi.
Translated by Phindile Malotana