Ii-alpacas zizilwanyana ezi semi-ruminant (izilwanyana ezinezisu ezingaphaya kwesibini), nezingamelana nemozulu ezine ngqele ebanda kakhulu. Kwilizwe loMzantsi Afrika, ii-alpaca zifuywa kwiindawo ezinemozulu ephakathi, kwaye zigcinwa kumadlelo alungele zona ukuqinisekisa ukuba zivelisa uboya obukumgangatho ophezulu. Ii-alpacas zichetywa kube kanye ngonyaka.
Ezi zilwanyana zingakhwelana nangaliphi ixesha enyakeni. Kubangcono ke xa ii-crias (amathole ee-alpaca) ukuba azalwe ekupheleni kwehlobo (Matshi-Epreli) okanye entwasahlobo (Okthobha-Novemba) kunokuba azalwe ebusika.
Ukuthenga Ii-Alpaca
Thenga ezina alpaca zisemgangathweni unokuzifumana, le yingcebiso esuka kumafama e-alpaca ase Mzantsi Afrika. Amafama amatsha e-alpaca asenokukhetha ukuthenga izilwanyana ezibhaliswe kwi SA Studbook, nezithengiswa ngamanye amafama akwalapha kweli lizwe. Kungalindeleka ukuba umfama ahlawula ukufikelela kuma to R 20 000 - R 25 000 (2019) kumathokazi aselula amithiyo.
Iiherdsire alpaca (iinkunzi eziza kusetyenziswa ukwandisa imfuyo) zingaxabisa ama R 15 000 - R 18 000 nangaphezulu. Olu luqikelelo olunikezwe ngu Dr Gavin Lindhorst, umthengisi wee alpaca kunye nomthengi kumazwe angaphandle. Ii-alpaca eziza kusetyenziswa njengonogada womhlambi okanye njenge silwanyana sasekhaya zingaxabisa kancinane kunezo zifuyelwa ukuphinda zizale.
Tyelela abavelisi nabathengisi be alpaca ukuze ufunde ngemigaqo yokufuya, imbali ngokufuya, ukuhlola ifaybha yezilwanyana uze ujonge ne herdsires (iinkunzi ezifuyelwa ukuzalisa iimazi) ezisetyenziswa kwimihlambi. Ukuba ufuna ukwakha umhlambi msinya, qala ngamathokazi amithiyo, kucebisa.
Ngaphandle kokuba ezi zilwanyana zithengwa kumazwe ase Chile nase Peru, uMzantsi Afrika ukwazithenge nase Australia. Ilizwe lase Australia line mfuyo esuka kwilizwe lase Peru, kwaye linoshicilelo olwenza kubelula ukubona iindidi ze alpaca ezisemgangathweni, kutsho uDr Lindhorst.
Ngaphezulu, izilwanyana zelizwe lase Australisa sele zisebungozini benkazathi kunye nezifo zezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo. Kuba i-alpaca zihlala kwintaba ze Andes ephakamileyo (+3 000m), azichatshazelwa kuba le ndawo ayinazo ezi zifo nencukuthu.
Ukufuya Ii-Alpaca
Ii-alpacas zisenokufuyelwa ukuba zizale ezinye okanye zifuyelwe ukugada imfuyo. Amaxesha amaninzi zifuyelwa uboya obuninzi nobusemgangathweni. Oku kuxhomekeka kwindlela esidalwe ngayo isilwanyana ngasinye, kodwa ukutya okunezinongo ezilungileyo nolawulo luchaphazela indlela evelisa ngayo uboya. Umzekelo, ukulawula amadlelo ukunciphisa amathuba okonakala koboya (ingca nameva eboyeni) xa kusondele ixesha lokuba zichetywe.
Ii-alpaca zigcinwa kumadlelo afane ne kikuyu okanye Eragrostis ezinye zitya i-fynbos kwindawo yase Karoo. Ukutya kwamadlelo kungancediswa ngemixube (ingqoloqa, iipelethi, imixube ye minerali, njalo) okanye ukutya kwamahashe okudityaniswe ne pelethi ezine protein ephantsi kunye nembewu ye lupin. I-protein esekutyeni isenokuchaphazela umgangatho woboya. I-protein eninzi ingakhokelela ekuqineni koboya. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-alpaca inakho ukucaphula izinongo nakwawona madlelo alambathayo. Kodwa amafama asakhuthazwa ukuba ongezelele izinongo.
Kucetyiswa ukuba kohlukwe ifama ngokwamaqela, ukuze zitshintshane ngokutya. Lumkela ukwenza amaqela amaninzi.
Iinkampu ezahlukeneyo zikwadingeka ukulungiselela amaqela ohlukileyo afana namathokazi amithiyo okanye amathokazi anonyaka, herdsires kunye neenkunzi eziselula, amathole asancancayo kunye nee alpaca ezidinga ukukhathalelwa kakhulu-izilwanyana ezidinga amayeza athile okanye izinongo nokutya okuthile.
Amathokazi e-alpaca (hembras) alungela ukumitha nokuzala xa enenyanga ezili 18 ukuya kuma 22. Ithokazi lizala ithole okanye i-cria enye emva kweentsuku ezimalunga nama 340. Emva kweveki nje ezimbini emva kokuzala, lingaphinda likhwelwe futhi. Amawele e-alpaca anqabe kakhulu.
Iinzipho kunye namazinyo angezantsi kufuneka ajongwe rhoqo ngonyaka, aze aphungulwe ukuba sikhona isidingo. Ugonyo luyafana nolo lusetyenziswa kufuyo lweegusha. Oku kuquka ukhuselo kwintsholongwane ezifana ne bluetongue, Rift Valley fever kunye nezifo ze Clostridia.
Ukuchetywa Kwee Alpaca
Ii-alpaca zichetywa uboya kube kanye ngonyaka. Oku kuvamise ukwenziwa kube kanye ngonyaka, zichetywa kakhulu ngexesha lase ntwasahlobo. Iinyanga ze ntwasahlobo zibaphakathi kuka Septemba okanye u-Okthobha, kuye kuxhomekeke ngamaqondo obushushu. Ezi zilwanyana zingachetywa naxa zineenyanga ezintandathu kuphela.
Kusetyenziwa izixhobo ezifanayo nezo kuchetywa ngazo iigusha, kodwa kusetyenziswa iblade ekhethekileyo ye alpaca ukuze kushiyeka malunga ne 4mm yoboya emzimbeni. Ii-alpaca zinesikhumba esiqinileyo kunesegusha, kwaye kufuneka zichetywe ngononophela ukuze zingalimali.
Uboya basemazantsi entanyeni ukuya emsileni kunye nasemacaleni wesi silwanyana bobona busemgangathweni ophezulu. Obu boya ke buye bubizwe nge 'prime' or 'firsts'-obokuqala. Ze ii‘seconds’ ibe buboya obusentanyeni nasemilenzeni. Uboya obuse ntloko buchetywa xa bubude kakhulu kangangoba benza kubenzima ukuba i-alpaca ibone kakuhle. Obu boya abufane busetyenziswe kuba buqine kakhulu.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana