Ama-Alpacas ayizilwane ezincelisayo ezi-semi-ruminant (izilwane ezinesisu esingaphezu kwesisodwa) ezingaphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo zezulu ezibandayo eziphakeme. ENingizimu Afrika, ama-alpacas atshalwa ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile futhi agcinwe emadlelweni lapho ukudla kwawo kunganekelwa khona futhi kuguqulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi eyiwo yoboya nokukhiqizwa kwayo. Ama-Alpacas agawulwa kanye ngonyaka.
Izilwane zingahle zithandane noma nini phakathi nonyaka - izintokazi zithonywa ama-ovulators. Kungcono nokho, ukuthi ama-crias (ama-alpacas wezingane) azalwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo (Mashi-Ephreli) noma entwasahlobo (Okthoba - Novemba) kunokuba kube sebusika.
Ukuthenga I-Alpacas
Thenga ama-alpacas amahle kakhulu ongasithenga, yiseluleko esivela kubalimi be-alpaca eNingizimu Afrika. Abalimi abasha be-alpaca bangase bakhethe nokuthenga izilwane ezibhalisiwe ze-SA Studbook ezivela kwabanye abafuyi be-alpaca baseNingizimu Afrika futhi bangasebenzisa imali efinyelela ku-R 20 000 - R 25 000 (2019) kwabesifazane abasebasha abakhulelwe abasezingeni eliphakeme. I-Herdsire alpacas (abesilisa abazosetshenziswa ohlelweni lokufuya) ingabiza u-R 15 000 - R 18 000 noma ngaphezulu, ulinganisa noDkt Gavin Lindhorst, umfuyi wezolimo wase-alpaca kanye nokungenisa izinto ezweni. I-Alpacas izosetshenziswa njengabaqaphi bezilwane noma izilwane ezifuywayo ingabiza kakhulu kunokufuya izilwane.
Vakashela abafuyi be-alpaca ukuze ufunde ngamazinga okuzalela i-alpaca, umlando wokuzalela, uhlola i-fibre yezilwane futhi ubheke umhlambi wezinkomo (owesilisa wokuzalela) osetshenziswa enkomeni. Uma ufuna ukwakha umhlambi ngokushesha, qala ngezintokazi ezikhulelwe, kweluleka uDkt Lindhorst.
Ngaphandle kwezilwane ezingeniswa zisuka eChile nasePeru, iNingizimu ne-Afrika ingenise nama-alpacas aqhamuka e-Australia. I-Australia ithole ama-bloodlines asePeru, ine-registry esebenzayo futhi ikhombisa umjikelezo okhomba ama-alpacas aphezulu, kusho uDkt Lindhorst.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zase-Australia zidalulwe izifo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo nezifo, kuyilapho indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ye-alpacas ezintabeni eziphakeme ze-Andes (+3 000 m) iyindawo evundile.
Ukulima I-Alpacas
I-Alpacas ingahle itshalwe ngezinhloso zokuzalela noma njengabaqaphi bemihlambi, kepha imvamisa inhloso ephezulu ngobuningi be-fibre nekhwalithi. Lokhu akunqunywa hhayi kuphela ngofuzo lwesilwane, kepha ukondleka okuhle nokuphatha kuthinta kanjani ukuthi le mfuzo isetshenziswa kanjani. Isibonelo, ukuphatha amadlelo ukukhawulela ukungcoliswa komoya (utshani kanye nameva eboyeni) ngesikhathi sokucheba.
I-Alpacas igcinwa emadlelweni afana ne-kikuyu noma i-Eragrostis kanye namadlelo athile kwi-fynbos eKaroo. Ukondliwa kwamadlelo kungenziwa kuhlanganiswe nezinto ezigxilisiwe (okusanhlamvu, ama-pellets, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaminerali, njll.) Noma isidlo samahhashi esihlanganiswe nama-pellets womdlalo ophansi we-protein kanye nembewu ye-lupine. Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ekudleni kungathonya ikhwalithi yoboya be-alpaca; amaprotheni aphezulu angaholela ekutheni i-fibre ihlanganiswe. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-alpaca inamandla okukhipha izakhamzimba emadlelweni ampofu kakhulu, kepha abalimi bayakhuthazwa nokho ukuthi bangezelela amadlelo emvelo ngokudla okwengeziwe.
Kuyalulekwa ukuhlela ipulazi libe ngamakamu anele ukuze likwazi ukujikeleza amadlelo. Qaphela ukweqisa ngokweqile. Kudingeka futhi amakamu ahlukahlukene ukuze kuhlalwe amaqembu ahlukene njengabasikazi abakhulelwe noma abesifazana abanonyaka, omhlambi wezinsikazi nabesilisa abancane, abalunyulwa kanye nama-alpacas anakekelwa kakhulu - izilwane ezingadinga umuthi noma ukondliwa okhethekile.
Ama-alpacas abesifazane (ama-hembras) aselungele ukuzala izinyanga eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-22 futhi azala ikokhoya elilodwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-340. Ngemuva nje kwamasonto amabili ebelethile, angaphinde abhede. Ama-twin alpacas ayivelakancane kakhulu.
Amazinyo namazinyo aphansi kufanele ahlolwe njalo ngonyaka futhi kunculwe uma kunesidingo nokugoma kufana naleyo esetshenziselwa ukulima izimvu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuvikela igciwane le-bluetongue, i-Rift Valley fever kanye nezifo zeClostridia.
Ukucheba I-Alpacas
Ama-Alpacas agawulwa kanye ngonyaka, kuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo - Septhemba noma Okthoba kuya ngokushisa - futhi angacwetshwa abe mncane njengezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kusetshenziswa imishini efanayo yokugunda izimvu, kepha isigaxa esikhethekile se-alpaca sisetshenziselwa ukushiya okungenani u-4 mm we-fibre emzimbeni. Ama-Alpacas anesikhumba esikhanyayo kunezimvu futhi kufanele agundwe ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuze angalimali.
Uboya obuvela ekushwabeni (isisekelo sentamo) kuya emsileni nasezinhlangothini zesilwane yikhwalithi enhle kunazo zonke. Lokhu kubizwa nge-'prime' noma 'firsts'. Imizuzwana ethi 'imizuzwana' iyizinucu emilenzeni nasentanyeni. I-fibre ekhanda kanye ne-'bonnet' iyagawulwa lapho iba yinde kakhulu futhi ivimbele umbono we-alpaca kodwa le fibre ayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengoba ihlangana ndawonye.
Translated by Nsika Khoza