Emamishini Ekucala eRichtersveld

Kuma kwe Mishini

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Lablababitwa ngekutsi ngema ‘Hottentots’ kanye neMadvodza esiganga abesusiwe ngulabasha labebafika base Europe njengetintfo lebetite Nkulunkulu kantsi futsi tatitoni. Nomakunjalo, intfo lefanako ingashiwo kulabaningi base Europe labaphila/labahlala eKapa ngetikhatsi tekucala temakoloni. Van Riebeeck lucobolwakhe wabacwayisa basebenti bakhe kutsi̎ labo labalovako emthantazweni wawonkhe malanga, labeta kancane enkholweni, (ba) yacwayiswa kutsi bangenele endzaweni yekukhomba kwentela kutsi, labo labahlala bangabikhona batodliwa emalanga lasitfupha ewayini.
Kulawo malanga, leNkampani yalandzela Lelisontfo lema Phrothestanti lema Dutch lase Holland, futsi umholi welisontfo wekucala, Johan van Arkel, wafika ekapa ngemnyaka wa 1665, iminyaka lengetulu kwelishumi ngemuva kwekusungulwa kwenhlalo. Emakhatholiga aseRoma kanye nemaLuthela bekangakavunyelwa kutsi asebente ngekwenkholo, ngisho nema French ema Huguenots emcondvo lofanako nawo akalelwa ngendlela yenkholo yawo.

Kwetsemba ngekweMoya

Ngekuhamba kweminyaka lemibalwa, emakhoikhoi lamancane noma emadvodza esiganga aguculwa entiwa ngekweNkholo. Kepha loku akusiko kutsi kutsiwe basendzaweni bebanganayo inkholo. Kutsi nje bebakadze bangakatimiseli ngalokwenteka etimphilweni tabo lana-nalapha. Esikhundleni, kwetsemba ngekwemoya kwalungiswa ngetindlela letibonakalako letitsite, kufana nesidzingo selitulu, kuphilisa tifo/kugula, kuvutsiswa kwalokulinyiwe, kukhula kwetilwane kanye nemphilo yelilanga nelilanga yekutiphilisa.
Lamadvodza esiganga, nasibekisa, bekatsembela etinombolweni tabo ‘nkhulunkulu’ kanye nemakhi/kaggen lobekatsatfwa njengankulunkulu. Lama Khoikhoi, ngencenye yawo, abekholwa Tsui//Goab, lonkulunkulu lomkhulu, lobekangahlagani na/Guanab, nkululunkulu wekungcola. Kulamacembu lamabili, labaphansi, (imimoya yalabangasekho labatihlobo) labanika kuchumana emkhatsini walabaphilako nabonkulunkulu (lebebatsatfwa njengekutsi ngenhlanye bantfu ngenhlanye –tilwane). Imisebenti yesintfu yama Shamanistic, imigidvo kanye netitjalo tekutidvunga bekutintfo letivela njalonjalo ekulungiselweni tinkholo tabo.

Labatsembekile

Luhambo lwekucala lwekufundza lwemishini ngeNamaqualand lwentiwa ngu Christian Albrecht ngemnyaka wa 1805. Muva kulowomnyaka lofanako, yena nemnakabo Abraham basungula imishini emkhatsini we Namaqua Lenkhulu eWarmbad (elangeni leliphilako –nanamuhla eNamibia), wasitwa ngu J. Seidenfaden. Ngemnyaka wa 1811, nomakunjalo, Abraham washona wabulawa sifuba sengati, kwatsi lemishini yatsatfwa sikhulu lesikhuluma kakhulu Jager Afrikaner.
Lokwetsemba ke kwase kundizisa iningizimu yaya emphumalanga ekufikeni eNamaqualand, egeni lelisenshonalanga lelatiwa nyalo ngekutsi yiNdzawoyemadvodza esiganga. Lana ke, bavele bavula imishini lensha eSilwerfontein. Ngemnyaka wa 1815 Lomfundisi Lomkhulu j.H. Schmelen wasusa imishini yema Bethanien eNamibia. Ngemnyaka wa 1816, Umfundisi lomkhulu Bamabas Shaw wabitwa kutsi atocala imishini yase Wesile eLeliefontein, epulazini lebelinikwe bantfu bendalo ngu Mbusi Ryk Tulbagh emkhatsini wa 1700. Loku kwentiwa ngephasi kwesiluleko seSikhulu Haaimaap, lowatiwa nga Jantje Wildschut (Jonnny Wilshot). Nga 1818, Umfundisi lomkhulu Schlemen wahamba waya eKookfontein (leyatiwa njenge Kokfontein noma Besondermied) wasungula siteshi semishini lapho, wasibita nge Steinkopf ngekuhlonipha lobekangumholi wakhe kanye nathishela lose London. Waphindze wacala imishini eKommagas.

Umphumela wase Pella

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Ngekushesha, Lenhlangano Yemishini ye Rhenish yangenela sento futsi, nga 1830, munye walobekahlola, Dokotela E. Ritcher, wavakashela khashane kwe nyakatfo-nshona yase Namaqualand kwentela kubuka lesigodzi sasemakhaya. Siteshi semishini lesasungulwa eKuboes lebekuyimbicwano ye Nama kanye ne Mavezandlebe, lesigodzi sonkhe sefika kutsi satiwe njenge Richtersveld kwentela kuhlonipha kuvakashelwa ngulodokotela lokahle. Nga 1852, Lelisontfo le Rhenish (lekusho kusuka ku Mfula we Rhine) nako lokwacala imishini ye Concordia, ledvutane kakhulu ne Springbok.

Translated by Phindile Malotana