Iinqhema Zesitjhaba samaNdebele
Umlando wamaNdebele ufaka hlangana phakathi kwe-19th century lokha isitjhaba sakwaKekana sihlukaniswa sibazincemab ezincani, ezarhatjhekela endundumeni, emirhobeni kanye nemmangweni ethabaleleko ezombeleze indawo esele ibizwa bona yi-Potgietersrus, Zebediela kanye ne-Pietersburg. Iinqhemezi kancani kancani zangena ngaphasi kwenqhema ezinamandla ezinengi kunabo ezibazombelezileko ezifana nabeSotho, bezatjhugulula isiko labo. Iinzukulwani zenkosi zamaNdebele uManala kanye noNdzundza zatjhugulula amasiko wazo,kodwana khange zitjhgulule ilimi lazo lamambala.
Ukugwala izindlu, ukuphothela kanye nokuzirhabisa ekuvanyiswe kobana kuthiwe ngekwaMandebele, kuhlehle kwenziwa maNdebele wakwaNdzundza ahlala enarheni ekhabe ibizwa bona yi-Southern Transvaal.
Ngeminyaka yabo-1820, ubufakazi butjengisa bona imizi yekhaya lamaNdzundza irhatjheke eduze kwe-Steelpoort.Ukurhatjheka,kwemizi yekhaya incenye yayo yayibangelwa kuhllaselwa kwayo yikosi uMzilikazi kanye nabalandeli bakhe, kodwana okunye kwabangwa maphuzu aliqiniso aphuma ngemva kokbhubha kwekosi uMagodongo.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1840, amakhuwa, amabhuru, ekhabe afudukela enarheni ephasi, ngobunengi kusukela ngeminyaka ka-1830, athoma ukuzala enarheni ekhabe ihlala amaNdebele wakwaNdzundza. Amabhuru avela emlanjeni we-Steelpoort kanye ne-Olifant, kodwana ukuba seduze kwedorobho laKonomtjharhelo, elatlanywa yikosi yamaNdzundza uMabhoko, khabe kuwasilinga amabhuru, begodu namaNdzundza khabe angawafuni amakhuwa.
Amabhuru alinga ukuhlula ikosi yamaNdzundza kodwana abhalelwa. Ngemva kobana alinge kathathu ukulwa namaNdzudza, ezinye izipi gade zifaka hlangana amabhuru kanye namaSwazi, zenza bona amabhuru kobana apake akhambe,lokha amanzi amabhuru abuhlonipha ubukhosi bakaMabhoko amkhothamela. Lada ngeminyaka yabo-1860s kanye nayabo-1870s, amandla kaNdzundza khabe aphezulu esifundenesi.
Ipi Namabhuru
Ngeminyaka yabo-1877, i-annexation yamaBrithani we-Transvaal kanye nokuhlulwa kwakaPedi maBrithani, amandla wokubusa asuswa emakhosini azijameleko we-Africa wesifundesi. Ngesiruthwana saka-1883, kwabasuka ipi hlangana namabhuru kanye namaNdebele angaphasi kwekosi uNyabela, lapha amabhuru azombeleza ahlasele amaNdebele ngengidi bathunyelwe ngu-Piet Joubert. Iinyanga ezibunane, uNyabela namaNdzundza asukela imizi yayo ehlukeneko eduze kwe-Steelport bayomzombeleza,bazonjelezwa makhuwa ngengidi KwanoMtjharhelo. Ubufakazi bamvanje butjengisa bona, amadoda wamaNdzundza ekhabe ahlome ngenkhali
NgoVelabahlinze, uNyabela wabeka phasi iinkhali, watjhiya idorobha lakhe kokugcina, amabhuru akhabe athumbe ipi lokha nakalitjhisako. Ubujamo obalethwa mabhuru athumbe ipi, ababudisi khulu eMandebeleni. UNyabela kanye namalungu womndeni webukhosini babotjhwa, yoke inarha kaNdzunda yathathwa yaphiwa amabhuru afike ekhabe kokuthoma akhabe akhona epini. Amabhuru athumbileko ngokufanako, aphiwa amaNdebele wakwaNdzundza kobana awasebenzele njengegcila. Okwakutjho bona, amaNdzundza asabalala esifundeni se-Transvaal esetjingalanga, ekubalwa isifunda se-Lydenburg, Middlebrg, Standerton kanye ne-Wakkerstroom.
AmaNdebele Emaplasini
Eplasini le-Kafferskraal, elingasikude nedorobho elikhulu ipitori, amaNdebele wakwaNdzundza ayawisela, okwarara amapholisa wamabhuru. Ubukhosi, ekhabe bungasekho,obunganarha, khabe buwiselile, iminyaka imithathu kwaphela satjhabalaliswa!
Ngaphandle kokuqothulwa kwesiko lamaNdebele, ukuhlukanwa kwawo ekwathatha pheze i-century kwaletha ituthuko ebujameni nakuhlalakuhle kanye nezamasiko esele kuqatjangwa bona ngezamaNdebele kwanjesi. Amanye amasikwabo, abolekwa kibomakhelwani babo amaPedi, kodwana abunjwa Mandebele lokha nakahlala emaplasini wamakhuwa. Ingoma yabesana bamaNdzundza iyafana neyamaPedi, ngombana zombili zilawulwa makhosi kunokobana zenzelwe emizini eyahlukahlukeneko, nekuyiphetheni yamanye amaNguni. Lokhu kwenza bona ikosi yamaNdebele ihlale inamandla wokubusa abantu bayo, nanyana bahlala kude nayo emaplasini. Istayela semigwalo yamaNdzundza, nayo yakotjwa emaPedini, kodwana yathuthukiswa kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1940 lokha amaNdzundza nakahlala emaplasini.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana