Amano Wokukhandela
Iinkukhu neehogo zazo kufuze zihlolwe kanengi ukwenzela ukubona umraro ngaphambi kobanyana ufike lapho ungasalawuleki khona. Isikhathi esilungele khulu ukutjhejwa nokuhlolwa kwemikhaza kusemini, kuthi ebusuku kube sikhathi esihle sokubona leyo yomhlobo obovu (red mits).
Ukubona imiraro yemikhaza ebovu le akusilula begodu kudinga amaqhinga, kuthi umonakalo uvame ubonakala kuhle kwaphela nasele ulinani eliphezulu upakelene. Ngakelinye ihlangothi, ukubona imikhaza kuba lula ngokuthi kubonakale kugcwele igazi. Ngesikhathi nakwenziwa ukuhlolwa, phendla hlangana neensiba zekukhu.
Imikhaza emidala ivamise ukubonwa ikhasa esithomeni seensiba, kuthi leyo epakeleneko nebekelako ibuthelela eziqwini seensiba. Imikhaza ithanda khulu iinsiba ezisencenyeni ephasi yomzimba, kanengi ngaphasi kweempiko nesithweni sokukhipha uthuvi, lezi kufuze kube ziindawo zokuthoma umuntu azakuhlola kizo.
Imihlobo yemikhaza ebizwa nge-Scaly leg mites ilimaza kwaphela imilenze, kuthi leyo ebizwa nge-northern fowl mites itholakala khulu indungulele isitho sothuvi. Ukwanda kwemikhaza eminengi kungabangela bonyana iinsiba zithunye nofana zimbatjhe ngebanga lothuvi nokuthintheka kwemikhaza namaqandayo.
Iimbabo zivamise ukuba mraro obakhona ngakanye ngokwesikhathi sonyaka, zitholakala khulu lokha nakutjhisako. Lokho kungasiza bonyana iinkukhu zilatjhwe ngokukhandela bonyana nasifikako isikhathi kungabi mraro khulu, khulukhulu lokha nakufuthumeleko. Ngaphasi kobunye ubujamo kunokubonakala kunganakuthi ngisiphi isikhathi sonyaka laphi zanda khona.
Yelela bonyana awufaki iinkukhu ezitjha ezineemkhaza hlangana nomhlambi omunye. Iinkukhu ezitjha kufuze zihlolwe ngokungeneleleko, zilatjhelwe imikhaza bezibekwe kude nomhlobo onganawo, ngokuhlukaniseka, isikhathi esingaba ziimveke eziimbalwa ukuqinisekisa bonyana azithwali ubungozi obuthileko.
Qinisekisa bonyana izinja, abokatsu, nezinye iinlwani ekungenzeka zithwele imikhaza ziba kude nendawo yokukhiqizela iinkukhu. Ukuhlamba ngehlabathi nofana ngethuli ziindlela zazo zemvelo zokulwisana nemikhaza kweenlwanezi. Iinkukhu zemilomo ekhule ngokudluleleko (debeaked birds), nalezo ezinganalapho zithola khona ihlabathi ezingahlamba ngayo zisebungozini obukhulu.
Sebenzisa umlotha weenkuni njengendlela yokuhlambisa ngethuli. Umlotha lo usiza ngokuthambisa nokukhithiza imikhaza yangaphandle, kube kuhlanzeka namafutha womzimba, iinsila nethuli elidliwa ngeminye imihlobo yemikhaza. Umlotha lo ungahlanganiswa nesanda nofana umanyoro bese ubekwa ngaphakathi komgqomu omdala ovulekileko nofana ngaphakathi kwebhada yeplastiki ehlanzeka lulo.
Iinhogo kanye neendlwana zeenkukhu kufuze zihlanzwe kanengi, begodu nakukghonakalako zihlanzwe ngeensetjenziswa ezisuza imulwana qobe nakuphela isikhathi somkhiqizo omunye nomunye.
Abanye babafuyi bahlongoza bonyana kutjalwe amakhambi alwisana nemikhaza le ngaphakathi kwendawo yomkhiqizo nofana kusetjenziswe amakhambi la emabhoksini weendleke. Irhelo lamakhambi lifaka hlanga, i-lavender, bay leave, marigold, eucalyptus, oregano, peppermint, wormwood ne-spearmint. Kungadingeka iimfufuzeli zokukhandela eendaweni lapho imiraro yemikhaza ivame khona.
Amano Wokuyilawula
Sebenzisa imikhiqizo etlolisiweko yokulwisana neenkingezi begodu kufuze imikhiqizo le uyisebenzise kuhle ngokulandela imithetho. UmNyango wozokuLima neweNdaba zeBhoduluko emanuwalinabo ye-Household Chicken Production KwaZulu-Natal uphakamisa bonyana kusetjenziswe i-Karbadust ukulawula imikhaza kanye nokupakelana kwayo eenkukhwini.
Abafuyi bayeleliswa bonyana bafake iinkukhu ezitshwayelekileko ngaphakathi kwesikhwama kuthi ihlokwayo ikhitjhelwe ngaphandle, bese kufakwa i-Karbadust base iyajugujwa kuhle ngokuyelela ukwenzela bonyana ikukhu ibanjwe lithuli. Kufuze isetjenziswe eenkukhwini kwaphela kungasi eenhogweni nofana eendlwaneni zazo.
UmNyango uphakamisa bonyana ukulwisana nomhlobo wemikhaza elimaza imilenze, kufuze zihlikihlwe nge-Benzyl Benzoate. Ingathengwa emakhemisi lapho yaziwa khona njenge-Ascabiol, neyivamise ukusetjenziselwa ukulapha isikhumba ebantwaneni.
Esikhathi esinengi, akukaneli bonyana kulatjhwe iinkukhu kwaphela, kodwana nendawo nayo kufuze ihlanzwe ukwenzela ukuqeda lezo iimbungu, ama-pupae nofana amaqanda ekungenzeka bonyana afihleke hlangana namaphadlhuka nofana eendlekeni.
Kufuze kusetjenziswe imikhiqizo etlolisiweko begodu ukulaphoku kufuze kubuyelelwe, ngokuya ngeenkomba zomkhiqizo, ukwenzela ukuyinciphisa ngokwaneleko. Iindawo zokubhaca, ezifana namaphadlhuka nofana lawo avalekileko. Ukuvikela bonyana imikhaza ingakhweli iinkukhu, kufuze kulatjhwe utjani namadlelo begodu neemilo ezimilele eduze nendawo ekufuyelwe kiyo kufuze zisuswe.
Izinto Ezikhethekileko Ekufuze Zitjhejwe
Imikhaza kufuze isuswe ngokuyelela. Kuvame bonyana ukulinga ukudosa umkhazi nofana ukuwunquthula kusala ihlokwawo esikhumbeni, nengabangela ukutshwayeleka nofana iinlonda nokuvuvuka. Ubujamo obande ngamanzi budlangisa umraro wemikhaza elimaze imilenze le. Iinkukhu ezineensiba eenyaweni zisemathubeni amanengi wokungabanjwa mikhaza elimaza imilenze ukudlula lezo ezinganawo.
Imihlobo yemikhaza ebovu kunzima ukuyilawula, njengomba ikghona ukuhlala iinyanga ezimbalwa ingadli lutho lalapho ikakarele khona. Indlela encono yokutjhabalalisa umhlobo lo kukuthi kususwe zoke iinkukhu ezinawo bese kuhlanzwa ngokukhulu ukuyelela iindlwana zazo.
Abakhiqizi abanengi kezinye iindawo bagcina sele batjhisa neendleke/iinturhu zeenkukhu nokhunye okutjhisekako okusendaweni le. Imihlobo yemikhaza elimaza imilenze inomukghwa wokuzuma laphokhunye ingahlala khona lokha nayibona bonyana amazinga wokutjhisa komzimba ayehla ngebanga lokugula nofana ukufuka. Iinkukhu ezinomhlobo lo womkhaza kufuze zihlukaniswe nazilatjhwako ukwenzela ukukhandela bonyana imikhaza ingadluleli kezinye.
Amanceba/iinlonda ezisesezitjha ezibangwe mikhaza edla imilenze le angalatjhwa ngokusebenzisa umvango wamafutha, ekufana nepharafeni. Nangabe sele ubujamo bubumbi, imilenze yekukhu kuzakufuneka bonyana ifakwe ngemanzini afuthumeleko ukwenzela ukuthambisa isikhumba semilenzayo ngemva kwalapho kufuze yonyiswe bese ilatjhwa ngamafutha alungisiweko, ekufana nalawo we-olive oi nofana i-vegitable oil, ngaphambi kokusetjenziswa komkhiqizo atlolisiweko.
Kufuze isisetjenziswesi sibuyelelwe amahlandla ngeveke ukufikela lapho imikhaza le ifakhona. Abanye babakhiqizi kukhe kwabikwa bonyana babe nemiphumela emihle ngokusebenzisa ivasilina ukubulala imikhaza.
Kufuze kuyelelwe bonyana kungasuswa isikhumba somlenze wekukhu esibonakala njengamaphepha njengombana lokho kungayibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu bekuyilimaze. Nangabe uyasola/awunasiqiniseko, khulumisana nesazi nofana isiphathiswa.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi