Umkhiqizo webisi uthoma ngemva kokuthola amakonyani. Ukobana iinkomo zimithe yinto eqakatheke khulu ekufanele uyitlhogomele eplasini leenkomo zebisi. Kunemiphumela emibili lokha iinkomo nazimithako. Kokuthoma kuba sikhathi sokumunyisa, kwesibili kuqala bona zine sotja enjani.
Ukuze iinkomo zibe namasotja amahle kwenzeka lokha kukethwe ababelethi abanamasotja amahle. Ngombana iinkomo zenza umhlambi ongcono, kulandela bona ikunzi esetjenziselwa bona zimithe irhelebhe ukwenza ngcono umhlambi.
Ukukhetha Ikunzi kunomthelela omude emhlambini weenkomo zebisi. Ukobana amadodakazi wekunzi ekhethwe nanhlanjesi azokukhiqiza njani ibisi kubonwa ngemva kweminyaka emine. Umhlambi weenkomo zebisi wanje ufaka hlangana iinkomo ezabelethwa eminyakeni emithathu ukuya kweminane eyadlulako.
Umncopho wokukhiqiza umhlambi weenkomo zebisi uncophe ukwenza ncono iinkomo ezizokukhiqizwa. Ngombana umncopho weenkomo zebisi kukukhiqiza ibisi. Kuhle ukukhetha iinkunzi ezinamasotja amahle enza bona zibe nerhono lokukhiqiza ibisi ngombana lokhu kungezelela irhonakalo yokobana zibe namadodakazi akhiqiza ibisi elinengi. Nanyana kunjalo, ukukhetha ikunzi ngomcopho wokobana yenze iinkomazi ezikhiqiza ibisi kwaphela akusimbono omuhle ophakanyiswako ngombana kukhona ezinye izinto eziba zintjhijilo ekungilezi:
Iinkomo ezikhiqiza ibisi elinengi ngokudla okukhona.
Ibisi kufanele libe namaphesendi amanengi wamafutha kanye namaprotheyini.
Iinkomo kufanele zibe nepilo ede yokukhiqiza.
©Chris DalyIinkomo zebisi ezifuywe ngomcopho wokwenza inzuzo zisebenzisa i-artificial insemination (AI) ukwenza bona iinkomo zimithe, nanyana kunjalo, nangokwemvelo kungenziwa lokho.
Iinkunzi ezisetjenziselwa ukumithisa iinkomazi ngokwemvelo kufanele zithengwe ebantwini abazifuyako esele bathuthukile abasehlelweni lenarha le-nation milk recording scheme.Iskimesi siletha i-estimated breeding values (EBV’s) enkomeni zoke ezisemhlanjini. I- Breeding value ikhombisa ukobana ikomo inesotja enjani. Umniningwane ofanako ukhona eenkunzini ezibelethwa emhlanjini. Ungathengi ikunzi enganawo umniningwane lo.
Ukondla ikunzi leyo kungakubiza imali engange R30/ngelanga (2018).Lokhu akufaki imali yekunzi kanye nabelusi. Nangabe ikunzi isetjenziselwa iinkomo ezilisumi qobe mnyaka imali yokobana ziye emsemeni ingakubiza R500.
Imbewu yesidoda yokwenza i- AI ingathengwa emabubulweni wenarheni le nanyana weenarha zangaphandle. Kuneentlakana eziyikomba ezinelwazi elinengi nemininingwane yamasotjaa wekunzi ngayinye nokobana ikhiqiza ibisi elingangani kanye nokobana umzimbayo wakheke njani.
Kusebenziswa injekutjheni yinye ukwenza i-AI ekomeni yinye, kodwana kungasetjeniswa iinjekutjheni ezimbili ukuya kwezine ukutheni ikomo imithe. Lokhu kuya ngendlela nagerhono lomuntu ozabe azenza. Inani leenjekutjheni lezo lihlangana kwe- R60 ukuya ku- R275 (2017).
©Chris DalyUkukhetha ikunzi, thoma ngokuthola ilisti yeenkunzi ezikhona ebubulweni elithengisa imbewu yesidoda sazo nanyana ku-agenti eyenza lokho. Lokha kunenani eliphasi ongakhetha kilo, ukukhetha ikunzi kuba budisi nanyana kunjalo ilisti kufanele ibe neenkunzi eziyi -20. Ilisti le kufanele itjho nokobanama malini imbewu yekunzi yinye.Ilisti le ivamise ukuba ne-index ene- a ‘net merit’. I- net merit ihlanganisa imihlobo eyi-12 yeenkunzi eyahlukeneko yenze inani linye.
Amanye amabubulo athengisa iimbewu yeenkunzi atjengisa abalimi bona bangasebenzisa yiphi imbewu kuye ngokobana iinkomo zabo zakheke njani, kanye nokobana basebenzisa yiphi iprogramu yokufuya. Ilwazeli ngeenkomo lifakwa kuprogrumu esemtjhinini ngcondo, ozikhethelelako bona ungasebenzisa yiphi ikunzi ngokoya ngomhlobo othize otlhogwako eenkomeni ezikhiqiza ibisi. Ungaphakamisa iinkunzi ezithize eenkomazini ezithize. Iprogramu le isebenzisa iindlela ezilungileko zokuya emsemeni kweenkomo ukwenza ngcono umkhiqizo webisi.
Lokhu kungabayihlangnisela ye-EBV’s yomkhiqizo wamafutha kanye namaprotheyini kusetjenziswa isitjengiso sebisi kanye namaprotheyini. I-index ingalulwa ifake hlangana umkhiqizo webisi, ukuvunda kanye nokwakheka komzimba wazo. Khetha ngokuya ngokobana i-index ithini, iinkunzi ezihlanu ezihle khulu ezisetjenziswa emhlanjini.
Ukuze iinkomo zibe namasotja amahle kwenzeka lokha kukethwe ababelethi abanamasotja amahle. Ngombana iinkomo zenza umhlambi ongcono, kulandela bona ikunzi esetjenziselwa bona zimithe irhelebhe ukwenza ngcono umhlambi.
Ukukhetha Ikunzi kunomthelela omude emhlambini weenkomo zebisi. Ukobana amadodakazi wekunzi ekhethwe nanhlanjesi azokukhiqiza njani ibisi kubonwa ngemva kweminyaka emine. Umhlambi weenkomo zebisi wanje ufaka hlangana iinkomo ezabelethwa eminyakeni emithathu ukuya kweminane eyadlulako.
Umncopho wokukhiqiza umhlambi weenkomo zebisi uncophe ukwenza ncono iinkomo ezizokukhiqizwa. Ngombana umncopho weenkomo zebisi kukukhiqiza ibisi. Kuhle ukukhetha iinkunzi ezinamasotja amahle enza bona zibe nerhono lokukhiqiza ibisi ngombana lokhu kungezelela irhonakalo yokobana zibe namadodakazi akhiqiza ibisi elinengi. Nanyana kunjalo, ukukhetha ikunzi ngomcopho wokobana yenze iinkomazi ezikhiqiza ibisi kwaphela akusimbono omuhle ophakanyiswako ngombana kukhona ezinye izinto eziba zintjhijilo ekungilezi:
Iinkomo ezikhiqiza ibisi elinengi ngokudla okukhona.
Ibisi kufanele libe namaphesendi amanengi wamafutha kanye namaprotheyini.
Iinkomo kufanele zibe nepilo ede yokukhiqiza.
iiNkunzi vs i-Artificial Insemination
Iinkunzi ezisetjenziselwa ukumithisa iinkomazi ngokwemvelo kufanele zithengwe ebantwini abazifuyako esele bathuthukile abasehlelweni lenarha le-nation milk recording scheme.Iskimesi siletha i-estimated breeding values (EBV’s) enkomeni zoke ezisemhlanjini. I- Breeding value ikhombisa ukobana ikomo inesotja enjani. Umniningwane ofanako ukhona eenkunzini ezibelethwa emhlanjini. Ungathengi ikunzi enganawo umniningwane lo.
Ukondla ikunzi leyo kungakubiza imali engange R30/ngelanga (2018).Lokhu akufaki imali yekunzi kanye nabelusi. Nangabe ikunzi isetjenziselwa iinkomo ezilisumi qobe mnyaka imali yokobana ziye emsemeni ingakubiza R500.
Imbewu yesidoda yokwenza i- AI ingathengwa emabubulweni wenarheni le nanyana weenarha zangaphandle. Kuneentlakana eziyikomba ezinelwazi elinengi nemininingwane yamasotjaa wekunzi ngayinye nokobana ikhiqiza ibisi elingangani kanye nokobana umzimbayo wakheke njani.
Kusebenziswa injekutjheni yinye ukwenza i-AI ekomeni yinye, kodwana kungasetjeniswa iinjekutjheni ezimbili ukuya kwezine ukutheni ikomo imithe. Lokhu kuya ngendlela nagerhono lomuntu ozabe azenza. Inani leenjekutjheni lezo lihlangana kwe- R60 ukuya ku- R275 (2017).
Uyikhetha Njani Ikunzi
Amanye amabubulo athengisa iimbewu yeenkunzi atjengisa abalimi bona bangasebenzisa yiphi imbewu kuye ngokobana iinkomo zabo zakheke njani, kanye nokobana basebenzisa yiphi iprogramu yokufuya. Ilwazeli ngeenkomo lifakwa kuprogrumu esemtjhinini ngcondo, ozikhethelelako bona ungasebenzisa yiphi ikunzi ngokoya ngomhlobo othize otlhogwako eenkomeni ezikhiqiza ibisi. Ungaphakamisa iinkunzi ezithize eenkomazini ezithize. Iprogramu le isebenzisa iindlela ezilungileko zokuya emsemeni kweenkomo ukwenza ngcono umkhiqizo webisi.
Lokhu kungabayihlangnisela ye-EBV’s yomkhiqizo wamafutha kanye namaprotheyini kusetjenziswa isitjengiso sebisi kanye namaprotheyini. I-index ingalulwa ifake hlangana umkhiqizo webisi, ukuvunda kanye nokwakheka komzimba wazo. Khetha ngokuya ngokobana i-index ithini, iinkunzi ezihlanu ezihle khulu ezisetjenziswa emhlanjini.
Translated by Lizzy Shongwe