Ukulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kunanyana kusetjenziswa ezinto zokulima ezingoni ibhoduluko ukwenza qhono ipilo yehlabathi, ukuvikela imvelo nokuqiniseka bona abantu banepilo.
Abalimi basebenzisa iindlela zesintu kanye nezakwanjesi zokulima bazihlanganise nerhubhululo ukuqiniseka ukulingana kwemvelo. Ukulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kutjho ukusebenzisa iindlela zeomvelo kanye neendlela ezingoni ibhoduluko kanye neensetjenziswa.
Akukavunyelwa setjenziswa iimvundisi ezinamakhemikhali kanye neenunwana.Umqopho wokulima ngaphandle kwekhemikhali kukobana kube nebhoduluko elinepilo, ukudla okunepilo kanye nabathengi abanepilo, imikhiqizo izoba nepilo, abathengi nabo babe nepilo kanye namasotja womzimba amahle.
Ukulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kuyahluka kunokulima ngebhayoloji, nangokulima ngomhlobo wokulima obizwa bona yi-conventional farming. Ukulima ngebhayoloji akoni ibhoduluko, begodu nakurhonakalako, kusebenza iimvundisi zenganamakhemikhali kodwana abakhiqizi bavamise ukunande bafika i-nitrogen (N) ehlabathini ukwenza ncono zepilo yayo.
Iimvundisi kesinye isikhathi zivela emakhemikhalini. I-convetional farming kulokha iindlela zokulima zisetjenziswa ngenjongo yokuthola isivuno esinengi. Nange kufakwa i-herbicides, iintjhabalalisi zeenunwana kanye neemvundisi khulukhulu kutjalwa umhlobo munye wesitjalo, ekubizwa bona yi-convetional farming.
Yenziwa njani i-Biodiverisity
Lochay kutjalwa iintjalo ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, iintjalo ezehlukeneko zitjalwa zoke ukwenza i-biodiversity ekulu.Umkhiqizi okhiqiza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kutlhogeka bona abenimihlobo eminengi yenlwane ekungarhonakala ngayo eplasini lakhe – iinlwane ezifana nenyoni, iinunwana ezincani, kanye nemihlobo eminengi yentjalo, ekubizwa bona yi-ecosystem, nange i-eco-system ingalinganiseki, kunomhlobo munye wenlwane ezinengi kungaphenduka kube bulwelwe.
Isibonelo, lokha iinkhova zisuswa eplasini, amakhondlo angaphenduka amalwelwe nanyana alethe amalwelwe, ngombana azikho iimbandana ezidla inyama zeemvelo ukuzilawula. Hlangana neembonelo zokulima ngaphandle kwamakhelikhali kubalwa i-ukuzombeleziswa kweentjalo (ukungatjali isitjalo esimhlobo munye nyakanonyaka ehlabathini yinye), ukutjalwa iintjalo ezimhlobo omunye kanye namathuthumbo arherha iinlwane ezidla inyama zebhawoloji (iinunwana ezidla iingogwana kanye nokusetjenziswa kwembulali ngogwana zemvelo ukulwisana namalwelwe kanye nengogwani).
Kuthonywa njani Ukulima Ngaphandle Kwamakhemikhali
Umlimi ofuna ukuthoma ukulima naphandle kwamakhemikhali kutlhogeka bona abe nelwazi elilandelako:
Kulindelweni kumlimi olima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali?
Ngimiphi imikhiqizo evunyelweko nanyana engakavunyelwa ekulimeni ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.
Ngiziphi iindlela zokulima ezisetjenziswa ekulimeni ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali begodu kubayini.
Utlolisa njani/usthola njani istifikeyidi sokuba mlimi olima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.
Njani/nanyana ngiyithengisa kuphi imikhiqizo elinywe ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.
Umlimi olima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kufanele athome athole ikhophi yemithetho emitjha yeSewula Africa athathe isiqunto sokobana ufuna mlimi okhiqiza imikhiqizo elinywe ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali mantanzi nanyana avele azilimele ngaphandle kwawo. Istifikeyidi singenziwa yihlangano ye-Afrisco. Nekuyihlangano yeSewula Africa eqale zokulima, ngaphasi kwe-IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements) standards. Kunemali ebhadelwako begodu i-inspector izokuza qobe nyaka izokuhlola. Ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali begodu bangathengisa imikhiqizo yabo ngaphasi kwelogo ethileko yestifikeyidi.
Bavikelwe mthetho begodu batloliswe njengabakhiqizi abakhiqiza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Umkhiqizi akatlhogi ukwenza isiqiniseko sokobana ulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali ngeplasi lakhe loke begodu akatlhogi bona anikele isiqiniseko ngeentjalo zakhe zoke. Kodwana kufanele kube nomehluko osepepeneneni hlangana nentjalo ezitjalwe ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali nalezo ezitjalwe ngawo.
Kuneskhathi setjhuguluko ekuthomeni kokulima ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali. Nekusikhathi esithathako ukutjhugulukeni ekulimeni ngamakhemikhali ukuya ekulimeni ngaphandle kwawo. Isikhathi sokutjhugulukela sithatha iminyaka emibili eentjalweni ezitjalwa qobe mnyaka ezifana nemirorho begodu kuthathe iminyaka emithathu eentjalweni ezifana neenthelo kanye namadiriyibe.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana