Kunendlela ezintathu zokubeka amanzi wezulu. I-Macro-catchment kubuthelelwa kwamanzi wezulu abuya ngaphandle kwamaplasi. I-Micro catchment kubuthelelwa kwamanzi wezulu agijima phasi. Lokha I-roof top catchment, kukubuthelelwa kwamanzi wezulu emasenkeni wezindlu.
I-Macro-Catchment
Amanzi wezulu abuthelelwa eendaweni ezizombeleze amaplasi nanyana amaplodi. Amanzi angenziwa kobana akhambe buthaka ngamasimu, afana ne-jessours esetjenziswa e-Tunisia. Amasimu atholwa eendaweni ezitjhingelako lapha izulu ngonyaka lihlangana kwe-100 - 200 mm. Ukubekwa kwamanzi wezulu kungangezelela amanzi akhona abeyi - 400-500 mm wezulu ngonyaka. Amaboda akhiwe ngamatje nanyana amadamu akhipha amanzi aseleko.
I-Micro-Catchment
Amanzi wezulu abekwa ngendlela yokuhlanganisa iindlela zezokulima zokubekwa kwamanzi, lapha ihlabathi ingavalwa khona ngehlabathi eendaweni ezinesomiso begodu ezinedaka. I-basin tillage itjho bona ihlabathi esendaweni lapha kubuthelelwa khona amanzi, ukwenza Isibonelo amadamu angatjhingeliko, ayagedliswa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngehariga begodu kuzokuqiniseka bona amanzi angena lula ehlabathini.
I-Micro-Catchment Eyenziwe Emasenkeni
Kuphakanyiswa kobana kufakwe iintjalo ezivala ihlabathi endaweni lapha kugijima khona amanzi wezulu ukukhandela ukurhurhuleka kwehlabathi irhurhulwa mamanzi.
Iindlela Ezihle Zokubeka Amanzi Wezulu
Iindlela ze-In field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technique zatlanywa barhubhululi behlangano ye-Agricultural Research Council’s Institute for Soil, Climate and Water esifundeni sange-Bloemfontein.
Iindlela ze-IRWH zisebenzisa iintambo ezide nge-2 m hlangana kwentjalo begodu zibeka amanzi wezulu emadamini amancani angatjhingeliko. Ngemva kokobana amadamu la akhiwe akutlhogakali bona kutjalwe, kupetwe nanyana kuhlawulwe - ihlabathi ipetwa kwaphela endaweni lapha kukhamba amanzi wezulu. Amanzi abuthelela ngendlela le arhona ukungenelela atjhingele ngaphasi ehlabathini, okwenza bona angaqedwa lilanga.
Iindlela zokubuthelela amanzi wezulezi zihlanganisa iindlela zokulima zokubuthelela amanzi wezulu. Okutjho bona ihlabathi esendaweni leyo ibuthelela amanzi ukwenza Isibonelo, amadamu ayatjhatjhululwa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngehariga begodu kuqiniseka bona amanzi angena lula ehlabathini.
Indlela ze-IRWH zinganciphisa amanzi agijimako ziwaqede woke bezinciphise ukuphela kwamanzi ehlabathini. Lokhu kurholela isivunweni esingezelelekileko ngebanga lokobana umrabhu uthola amanzi amanengi. Irhubhululo elenziwe e-Thaba Nchu esifundeni sange-Free State lithole bona iindlela ze-IRWH zingezelela isivuno ehlobo, isphila singezeleleke nge-40%, i-sunflower nge-30% kanye namabhontjisi omileko nge 90%. Kuphakanyiswa bona ufake iintjalo ezivala ihlabathi endaweni ekugijima amanzi wezulu ukukhandela ukurhurhuleka kwehlabathi irhurhulwa mamanzi.
Ubuhle Bokutjala Indawo Egijima Amanzi Ngentjalo Ezivala Ihlabathi
Ubuhle bendawo ebamba amanzi:
Ijamisa amanzi wezulu agijimako hlangana namasimu
Yandisa ukungenelela kwamanzi ehlabathini
Ibamba amanzi wezulu abekwako
Ukufakwa kwentjalo endaweni esikotlela kunciphisa ukuphela kwamanzi aqedwa lilanga
Ubuhle bendawo ebamba amanzi wezulu agijimako:
Ibeka amanzi wezulu agelezako
Ukufakwa kwentjalo ezivala ihlabathi endaweni lapha kugeleza khona amanzi wezulu
Kunciphisa ukuphela kwamanzi begodu kukhandela ukurhurhuleka kwehlabathi
Iintlhogeko Zokubeka Amanzi Wezulu
I-In field rainwater harvesting ayikafaneleki ukwenziwa enarheni eyisanda begodu yihle nayenziwa eendaweni ezilidaka nanyana ehlabathini eyi-duplex. Ukubona bona ihlabathi injani, rola isiqephu sehlabathi usibumbe sibe inga sibungu ulinge ukuyisonga ibe inga yiledere u-C.
Inarha eyehlelako akukafaneli kobana idlule i-8% eendaweni ezingarhurhuleki, ezifana nezinamatje begodu nalapha izulu ngonyaka lina nge-450 kanye ne-700 mm.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana