Macro-Catchment
Mati ya mpfula ya hlengeletiwaka kusuka eka lawa ya khulukaka eka tindzhawu tale purasini kumbe tale kusuhi. Mati yanga hungutiwa rivilo kutani ya yisiwa eka swilo swofana nati jessours leti tirhisiwaka e Tunisia. Ti terraces leti tikumeka eka tindzhawu letinga voyama laha timpfula ta lembe letinga exikarhi ka 100 - 200 mm. Ku kumeka ka mati ya mpfula swinga engetelela mati lawa ya kumekaka lawa yanga exikarhi ka 400 - 500 mm wa mfpula leyi naka hi lembe. Makhumbi ya maribye lawa ya endlaka swinkobyani na swidanwana xikanwe na laha ku khulukaka mat ii swin’wana swa switirhisiwa swati macro-catchment systems. Mati yan’wana na yan’wana lawa ya salaka yanga hlayisiwa. Swin’wana swa kahle swikatsa kupfuxeleriwa ka mati lawa yanga ehansi ka misava xikan’we naku lawula mikhukhula.Micro-Catchment
Rooftop Micro-Catchment yale Lwangwini
Mati ya mpfula ya hlengeletiwa kusuka eka lwangu kutani ya fambisiwa eka ti gutters kumbe ti phayiphi kuya eka thangi ro hlayisela kona mati. Xiphayiphani xitala kuva xi hlanganisiwile na thangi leri. Mati yakumeka hiku hatlisa leswaku yata tirhisiwa ekaya.Ndlela yo Antswa yo Hlengeleta Mati ya Mpfula
Maendlelo ya in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) yave kona hikuva ya tumbuluxiwe hi valavisisi vale Agricultural Research Council’s Institute for Soil, Climate and Water e Bloemfontein.Maendlelo ya IRWH yana kwalomu ka 2 m-wide ya migerho leyinga exikarhi ka mintila ya swibyariwa xikan’we naku hlayisiwa ka mati lawa ya khulukaka kuya eka maqhivi xikanwe na swidan’wana swoka swinga entanga. Endzhaku kaloko kutava ku akiwe swidan’wani leswi, akuna ku rimiwa kumbe kupfuxetiwa ka misava – ku rimiwa xikan’we naku olovisiwa ka misava - swiendliwa lahamati ya khulukaka kutani kuva na crust, leswi antswisaka mati kuva ya khuluka. Mati lawa ya hlengeletiwaka hindlela leyi yanga nghenelela swinene emisaveni kuya le hansi, leswi eku heteleleni swi hungutaka kuhaha ka mati.
Maendlelo lawa yaku hlayisa mati ya mpfula ya katsa maendlelo ya vurimi yo hlayisa mati, aku pfuyxetiwi misava, ku pfuxetiwa endzeni ka swidanwani xikanwe naku ndlalela eka misava ya vumba leyinga eka khombo ra dyandza. Ku pfuxetiwa ka misava eka swidan’wani leswi swivula leswaku misava eka ndzhawu leyi mati ya hlayisiwa, xikombiso eka swidan’wani leswinga entangiki, misava ya pfuxetiwa endzeni. Leswi swinga endliwa hiku tirhisa hariki naswona swita tiyisisa leswaku mati yata tswongeka hiku olova eka misava.
Maendlelo ya IRWH yanga hunguta ku khuluka ka mati kuva swingaha vi kona naswona switlhela swihunguta kuhaha ka mati kusuka eka tshaku ra misava. Leswi swi vuyerisa swinene eka ku tlakusa mbuyelo hiko kwalaho ka mati yotala eka timintsu ta swimilani. Vulavisisi byale Thaba Nchu e xifundzheni xa Free State byi kumile leswakaku maendlelo ya IRWH ya tlakusa mbuyelo eka swibyariwa swa ximumu: mavele ya tlakukile hi 40%, sunflower hi 30% xikan’we na tinyawa to oma hi 90%.
Swa hlohleteriwa kuva ku ndlaleriwa laha ku khulukaka mati kusivela misava kuva yi famba na mati.
Swa Kahle hi In-Field Rainwater Harvesting
Swakahle hi swidanwani:Swiyimisa mati lawa ya khulukaka
Switiyisisa ku nghenelela ka mati
Swihlayisa mati ya mpfula emisaveni
Ku vekeriwa ka swo ndlalela swihunguta kuhaha ka mati
Swakahle hi laha ku khulukaka mati:
Swihlohletela kukhululka ka mati ensinwini
Yi tirha tani hi nhlayiso wa mati wa vumbirhi
Ku ndlaleriwa eka ndzhawu leyi ku khulukaka mati swi hunguta kuhaha ka mati naswona swi sivela nkhukhulo wa misava.
Swilaveko swa In-Field Rainwater Harvesting (IRWH)
In-field rainwater harvesting ayi kahle eka misava leyingana sandi naswona swi endleka kahle eka misava leyingana vumba kumbe misava ya duplex – misava leyingana ti leyara leti hlanganaka letingana vumba. Ku tiva vukona bya vumba eka yona, vumba xiphemu xa misava lexinga xivumbeko xa xikwa naswona u ringeta kuyi petsa u endla xivumbeko xa C.Kuvoyama ku fanele kunga hundzi 8% eka misava leyinga khukhuriweki, kufana na maribye naswona timpfula ta lembe tifanele tiva exikarhi ka 450 na 700 mm.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni